Unveiling toxicological aspects of venom from the Aesculapian False Coral Snake Erythrolamprus aesculapii

Sánchez, Mariano S.; Teibler, Gladys Pamela; Sciani, Juliana Mozer; Casafús, Milena Gisela; Maruñak, Silvana; Mackessy, Stephen P.; Peichoto, María Elisa

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.007

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this work, we describe the venom gland of G. ch. chilensis with a histological organization similar to that described in other rear-fanged snakes such as Philodryas olfersii [ 50 ], Helicops modestus [ 51 ], Erythrolamprus aesculapii [ 12 ], Leptophis ahaetulla marginatus [ 11 ], and Leptodeira annulata [ 52 ]. The venom gland of rear-fanged snakes can be classified into four histologically different types [ 53 ]: (1) the presence of mucous cells in the supralabial region without the venom gland; (2) predominant serous cells with mucous intercalate in the venom gland (mixed venom gland or seromucous); (3) predominant mucous with limited serous cells in gland; and (4) exclusively serous cells in the gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Notably, there is abundant information on the fangs of venomous snake species with a high capacity for producing human fatalities, which contrasts with fang characterizations in opisthoglyphous species. Although the snakebites of these species produce very low human lethality in South America, it has been demonstrated that the venom contains several toxins evolutionarily related to those present in front-fanged snakes (e.g., [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shedding Light on the Dentition and Venom Delivery System of the Rear-Fanged Snake, Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) from Chile

Herrera

Fuentes-Retamal

Kemmerling

et al. 2022

Biology

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Although the rear-fanged snake Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (formerly named Tachymenis ch. chilensis) causes ophidian accidents with clinical importance in Chile, the anatomical and histological characterizations of the venom delivery system (venom gland and fang) of this species still remain unknown. This study describes the dentition and characteristics of fangs and their ontogenetic variations in G. ch. chilensis. Moreover, histological and histochemistry analyses of the venom glands of this species are presented. Using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, the dentitions of neonates, juveniles, and adults were analyzed, and no ontogenetic variations in teeth length and number present in the dentary and maxilla were observed. Moreover, we found three types of basic teeth, with distributional patterns conserved in all ontogenetic categories. The fangs exhibited a groove from the base to the middle. At the end of the groove, prominent ridges are formed. The fang and groove lengths were significantly distinct between ontogenetic categories. No differences between females and males were observed. Histologically, we found that the venom gland is close to the fangs and has a seromucous composition. Our results describe, for the first time, the distributional pattern and characteristics of the dentition and venom delivery system of the poorly studied snake G. ch. chilensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Dentition and Venom Delivery System of the Rear-Fanged Snake, Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) from Chile

Herrera

Fuentes-Retamal

Kemmerling

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…Several non-front-fanged caenophidian species predominantly feed upon snakes/amphisbaenians. Among Dipsadidae, this includes the following rear-fanged genera: Boiruna, Clelia, Mussurana, Paraphimophis, and Pseudoboa (18 species belonging to the tribe Pseudoboini); Apostolepis, Elapomorphus and Phalotris (53 species, tribe Elapomorphini; Lema et al, 1983;Alencar et al, 2013;Gaiarsa et al, 2013), as well as Erythrolamprus (six species, tribe Xenodontini; Wallach et al, 2014;Marques et al, 2016;Sánchez et al, 2019). The venom composition of Phalotris mertensi has been studied appears to be distinct from that of other non-front-fanged species as it includes a unique snake venom acid lipase (svLIPA) (Campos et al, 2016;Junqueira-de-Azevedo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Non-front-fanged Species Specialized On Gastropod Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake Venom in Context: Neglected Clades and Concepts

2019

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Despite the fact that venom is an intrinsically ecological trait, the ecological perspective has been widely neglected in toxinological research. This neglect has hindered our understanding of the evolution of venom by causing us to ignore the interactions which shape this evolution, interactions that take place between venomous snakes and their prey and predators, as well as among conspecific venomous snakes within populations. In this opinion piece, we introduce and briefly discuss several ecologically oriented concepts that may be of interest to toxinologists, before reviewing a range of non-front-fanged snake taxa that have been neglected toxinologically, but which represent the majority of extant ecological diversity amongst snakes. We conclude by noting that the ecological perspective even has something to offer to clinical toxinology, in the wake of the World Health Organization reinstating snakebite envenoming to its list of Neglected Tropical Diseases.

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“…Although the epidemiology of 4 Lonomia envenomation in Colombia remains insufficiently documented, accidents reported to the National Institute of Health in Colombia suggest that about 10 cases occur each year. Accidents have also been reported in Peru in 2006Peru in , 2010 and 2016 [14], [15] (species unidentified), in Argentina [16], [7], [17] (all cases from Misiones province and attributed to L. obliqua) and in French Guiana [18], [19] (attributed to L. achelous).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It and 2016 [14], [15] (species unidentified), in Argentina [16], [7], [17] (all cases from Misiones province and attributed to L. obliqua) and in French Guiana [18], [19] (attributed to L. achelous).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects

González

Ballesteros‐Mejia

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Caterpillars of the Neotropical genus Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are responsible for some fatal envenomation of humans in South America inducing hemostatic disturbances in patients upon skin contact with the caterpillars' spines. Currently, only two species have been reported to cause hemorrhagic syndromes in humans: Lonomia achelous and Lonomia obliqua. However, species identifications have remained largely unchallenged despite improved knowledge of venom diversity and growing evidence that the taxonomy used over past decades misrepresents and underestimates species diversity. Here, we revisit the taxonomy and distribution of Lonomia using the most extensive dataset assembled to date, combining DNA barcodes, morphological comparisons, and geographical information. Our integrative approach leads to the recognition of 60 species, of which seven are known or strongly suspected to cause severe envenomation in humans. From a newly compiled synthesis of epidemiological data, we also examine the consequences of our results for understanding Lonomia envenomation risks and call for further investigations of other species' venom activities. This is required and necessary to improve alertness in areas at risk, and to define adequate treatment strategies for envenomed patients, including performing species identification and assessing the efficacy of anti-Lonomia serums against a broader diversity of species.

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Unveiling toxicological aspects of venom from the Aesculapian False Coral Snake Erythrolamprus aesculapii

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Shedding Light on the Dentition and Venom Delivery System of the Rear-Fanged Snake, Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) from Chile

Shedding Light on the Dentition and Venom Delivery System of the Rear-Fanged Snake, Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) from Chile

Snake Venom in Context: Neglected Clades and Concepts

Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects

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