Unwanted Pregnancy Among Kidney Transplant Recipients in Iran

Prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in Iran: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Furthermore, the most number of unwanted pregnancies have occurred in couples who have been using withdrawal, pills, condom, IUD, injection contraceptives and vasectomy as the main contraceptive method, respectively. Similarly, in a study by Abazari et al ., 42% of women became pregnant, despite using contraceptives (Abazari et al ., ); also, in a nationwide study conducted by Ghazizadeh et al . (2005), 92% of couples using withdrawal method ended with unwanted pregnancy, and in a study by Abbasishavazi (), the natural method was the cause of 30% of unintended pregnancies.…”

Sexual and Reproductive Function in Chronic Kidney Disease and Effect of Kidney Transplantation

“…Because of unfounded fear of using contraceptive pills, a significant number of kidney transplant recipients use less effective methods such as coitus interruptus. In our study on unwanted pregnancy we found that 92% of women with unwanted pregnancies were using coitus interruptus as the only method of contraception (Ghazizadeh 2005). Progestin-only pill is an option for women who have contraindication to use estrogen but their failure rate is higher than combined oral contraceptive pills.…”

Pregnancy management of women with kidney transplantation

“…In the case of our third patient's fi rst pregnancy after transplantation, there was not enough period of time between the modifi cation of immunosuppression and the conception and, later, it was terminated as a missed abortion. Outcomes of unwanted pregnancies are inferior to those for planned pregnancies [18]. Congenital malformations are rare although preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation are common.…”