Up-regulated serpin gene involved in Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

Zhang, Caihong; Wei, Jizhen; Naing, Zaw Lin; Soe, Ei Thinzar; Tang, Jiao; Liang, Gemei

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105269

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Active PO is produced from prophenoloxidase (PPO) zymogen by a clip domain serine proteinase ( Figure 2 ) [ 106 ]. The PPO-activating proteinase cascade involves the interaction of PRPs, serine protease inhibitors (serpins), serine proteases, PPO-activating proteinase (PAP), and other enzymes ( Figure 2 ) [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. PO converts tyrosine into the precursors of melanin [ 111 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the midgut of P. xylostella larvae, the PPO cascade is induced after infection with Bt 8010 (the Bt strain) [ 66 ]. Similar to Bt and Bt Cry toxins, Cry1Ac induces Serpin expression [ 36 ], and the upregulated serpin gene was involved in the resistance mechanism in H. armigera to Cry1Ac [ 110 ]. The PPO cascade and highly expressed genes involved in the midgut melanization of S. exigua and S. litura were also triggered by the Vip3A toxin [ 89 , 114 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the safest, economically successful entomopathogen to date. It is extensively produced in transgenic crops or used in spray formulations to control Lepidopteran pests. The most serious threat to the sustainable usage of Bt is insect resistance. The resistance mechanisms to Bt toxins depend not only on alterations in insect receptors, but also on the enhancement of insect immune responses. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the immune response and resistance of insects to Bt formulations and Bt proteins, mainly in Lepidopteran pests. We discuss the pattern recognition proteins for recognizing Bt, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic signaling pathways, the prophenoloxidase system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nodulation, encapsulation, phagocytosis, and cell-free aggregates, which are involved in immune response reactions or resistance to Bt. This review also analyzes immune priming, which contributes to the evolution of insect resistance to Bt, and puts forward strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of Bt formulations and manage insect resistance, targeting the insect immune responses and resistance.

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Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

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Mechanisms and molecular genetics of insect resistance to insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis

Fabrick,

2023

Advances in Insect Physiology

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Managing Practical Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bt Cotton in China

Quan

2023

Insects

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China is one of the major cotton producers globally with small farmers. Lepidopteran pests have always been the main factor affecting cotton production. To reduce the occurrence of and damage caused by lepidopteran pests, China has employed a pest control method focused on planting Bt (Cry1Ac) cotton since 1997. Chinese resistance management tactics for the main target pests, the cotton bollworm and pink bollworm, were also implemented. For polyphagous (multiple hosts) and migratory pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), the “natural refuge” strategy, consisting of non-Bt crops such as corn, soybean, vegetables, peanuts, and other host crops, was adopted in the Yellow River Region (YRR) and Northwest Region (NR). For a single host and weak migration ability pest, such as the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), the seed mix refuge strategy yields a random mixture within fields of 25% non-Bt cotton by sowing second-generation (F2) seeds. According to field monitoring results for more than 20 years in China, practical resistance (Bt cotton failure) of target pests was avoided, and there were no cases of Bt (Cry1Ac) failure of pest control in cotton production. This indicated that this Chinese resistance management strategy was very successful. The Chinese government has decided to commercialize Bt corn, which will inevitably reduce the role of natural refuges; therefore, this paper also discusses adjustments and future directions of cotton pest resistance management strategies.

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Up-regulated serpin gene involved in Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Mechanisms and molecular genetics of insect resistance to insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis

Managing Practical Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bt Cotton in China

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