Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression correlates with tumor angiogenesis in human colorectal cancer

Cianchi, Fabio; Cortesini, C; Bechi, Paolo; Fantappiè, Ornella; Messerini, Luca; Vannacci, Alfredo; Sardi, Iacopo; Baroni, Gianna; Boddi, Vieri; Mazzanti, Roberto; Masini, Emanuela

doi:10.1053/gast.2001.29691

Cited by 235 publications

(199 citation statements)

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“…Similar results were reported with respect to colorectal carcinoma. 19 Another study indicated that COX-2 expression is associated positively with metastatic potential. 18 The role of COX-2 in promoting metastasis relates to its activity as a tumor promoter by its stimulation of angiogenesis and metalloproteinase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The role of COX-2 in promoting metastasis relates to its activity as a tumor promoter by its stimulation of angiogenesis and metalloproteinase activity. 19,20 Although pituitary carcinomas are more vascularized than adenomas, 25 the occurrence of cerebrospinal metastases in these rare tumors suggests that hematogenous spread is not the exclusive domain of metastasis. This may explain partially a recent report that concluded that metalloproteinase activity in pituitary tumors does not correlate with metastatic potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is in agreement with studies of colorectal carcinomas that show a significant correlation between COX-2 staining and tumor MVD. 19 Overexpression of COX-2 in human colon carcinoma cells results in angiogenesis by inducing angiogeneic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor. 19,50 The antineoplastic effect of COX-2 inhibitors relates directly to the ability of these agents to suppress blood vessel formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Overexpression of COX-2 in human colon carcinoma cells results in angiogenesis by inducing angiogeneic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor. 19,50 The antineoplastic effect of COX-2 inhibitors relates directly to the ability of these agents to suppress blood vessel formation. 51,52 One study showed a correlation between the lack of significant angiogenesis in pituitary tumors and VEGF expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overexpression of COX-2 also increases production of proangiogenic factors and decreases E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule indispensable for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. [17][18][19][20][21] We evaluated whether COX-2 expression occurs in adenohypophysial tumors and assessed its utility as a marker of tumor behavior. Pituitary tumors are heterogeneous, exhibiting a multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in human pituitary tumors

Vidal

Kovács

Bell

et al. 2003

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) plays a role in progression of colon, breast, pancreas, and lung carcinomas. The authors investigated COX‐2 expression in pituitary tumors.METHODSExpression of COX‐2 was evaluated in 164 surgically removed human pituitary tumors. Correlation of COX‐2 with MIB‐1, a cell proliferation marker, as well as angiogenesis, patient age, gender, tumor type, size, invasiveness, and metastatic potential was investigated.RESULTSCyclooxygenase‐2 immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas the nuclei were unlabeled. Few normal peritumoral adenohypophysial cells showed slight COX‐2 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. The staining intensity and the percentage of immunopositive cells were higher in tumors. Most pituitary tumors (96%) were COX‐2–immunopositive. Expression was strong in 60 (44%), moderate in 39 (28%), and weak in 32 (24%). Male gonadotroph adenomas and null cell adenomas showed a high level of COX‐2 expression. Growth hormone‐producing adenomas, prolactin‐producing adenomas, thyrotropic hormone‐producing adenomas, female gonadotroph adenomas, silent adrenocorticotropic hormone‐producing adenomas, and silent subtype 3 adenomas had a low level of COX‐2 expression. Significant correlation was demonstrated with patient age, but not with tumor size, invasiveness, and MIB‐1 labeling indices. Expression was medium to high in 76% of macroadenomas and in only 45% of microadenomas. Strong correlations were noted with angiogenesis markers, such as microvessel density and surface density.CONCLUSIONSCorrelation with angiogenesis suggests that COX‐2 may be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in pituitary tumors. Phamacologic inhibition of COX‐2 activity might suppress angiogenesis in pituitary tumors and may provide a novel approach for medical therapy. Cancer 2003;97:2814–21. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11387

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in human pituitary tumors

Vidal

Kovács

Bell

et al. 2003

Cancer

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Aspirin Use and Survival After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Chan

Ogino²,

Fuchs³

2009

JAMA

502

407

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Context Aspirin reduces risk of colorectal neoplasia in randomized trials and inhibits tumor growth and metastases in animal models. However, the influence of aspirin on survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer is unknown.Objective To examine the association between aspirin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis on colorectal cancer−specific and overall survival. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 1279 men and women diagnosed with stage I, II, or III colorectal cancer. Participants were enrolled in 2 nationwide health professional cohorts in 1980 and 1986 prior to diagnosis and followed up through June 1, 2008. Main Outcome Measure Colorectal cancer−specific and overall mortality.Results After a median follow-up of 11.8 years, there were 193 total deaths (35%) and 81 colorectal cancer−specific deaths (15%) among 549 participants who regularly used aspirin after colorectal cancer diagnosis, compared with 287 total deaths (39%) and 141 colorectal cancer−specific deaths (19%) among 730 participants who did not use aspirin. Compared with nonusers, participants who regularly used aspirin after diagnosis experienced a multivariate hazard ratio (HR) for colorectal cancer−specific mortality of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.95) and for overall mortality of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97). Among 719 participants who did not use aspirin before diagnosis, aspirin use initiated after diagnosis was associated with a multivariate HR for colorectal cancer−specific mortality of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.33-0.86). Among 459 participants with colorectal cancers that were accessible for immunohistochemical assessment, the effect of aspirin differed significantly according to cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression (P for interaction = .04). Regular aspirin use after diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer−specific mortality among participants in whom primary tumors overexpressed COX-2 (multivariate HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20-0.76), whereas aspirin use was not associated with lower risk among those with primary tumors with weak or absent expression (multivariate HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.36-4.18). ConclusionRegular aspirin use after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer−specific and overall mortality, especially among individuals with tumors that overexpress COX-2.

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Effect of crystallization conditions on spherulitic texture and tensile properties of sPS/PPO blends

Dutt¹,

Kit²

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:In the second study on melt-miscible syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) blends, the effect of processing conditions on morphology, ultimate tensile properties, and the mode of fracture is reported. Bulk samples of the blends were molded and then crystallized from melt as well as from the quenched state at different temperatures. The spherulitic morphology of the melt-crystallized blends, observed by scanning electron microscopy, revealed formation of complete, well-developed spherulites whose texture increased in coarseness with increasing crystallization temperatures. In all the cold-crystallized blends lamellar bundles formed a meshlike structure whose texture did not vary significantly with crystallization temperature. Depending on the crystallization temperature, 50/50 melt-crystallized blends showed varying tensile properties and different modes of failure. In the samples with the largest amorphous domain size of 0.6 m, the amorphous ellipsoids were cold drawn into fibrils during tensile loading and very high tensile strengths were recorded. The tensile properties for the other melt-crystallized and all cold-crystallized blends did not vary substantially with the changing crystallization temperature. The micrographs of the fractured surfaces of the melt-crystallized blends suggested that, although intraspherulitic fracture occurred at low crystallization temperatures, interspherulitic fracture took place at high crystallization temperatures. The correlation of the morphology and mechanical properties suggests that meltmiscible blends have good interfacial adhesion between phases and that, by varying composition and processing conditions, it might be possible to control amorphous domain sizes, which is critical in achieving better mechanical properties.

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Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression correlates with tumor angiogenesis in human colorectal cancer

Cited by 235 publications

References 35 publications

Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in human pituitary tumors

Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in human pituitary tumors

Aspirin Use and Survival After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Effect of crystallization conditions on spherulitic texture and tensile properties of sPS/PPO blends

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