Up-regulation of hepatic ABCC2, ABCG2, CYP1A1 and GST in multixenobiotic-resistant killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the Sydney Tar Ponds, Nova Scotia, Canada

ABC transporters in fish species: a review

“…This study was the starting point for the identification and characterization of the MXR phenotype in several other species of aquatic organisms, such as sponges (Kurelec, 1992), molluscs (McFadzen et al, 2000; Minier et al, 2000; Smital et al, 2003; Luckenbach and Epel, 2008; Faria et al, 2011), crabs and sea urchins (Toomey and Epel, 1993; Hamdoun et al, 2002). In fish, the presence of ABC efflux transporters have been described for an increasing number of species, such as winter flounder (Chan et al, 1992), antarctic fish (Zucchi et al, 2010), rainbow trout (Zaja et al, 2008a; Fischer et al, 2010; Loncar et al, 2010), zebrafish (Long et al, 2011a,b; Fischer et al, 2013), mullet (Diaz de Cerio et al, 2012), killifish (Paetzold et al, 2009), nile tilapia (Costa et al, 2012b, 2013), catfish (Liu et al, 2013) and seabass (Ferreira et al, 2014) (Table 2). …”

“…Similarly, resistance-killifish populations from highly polluted sites also demonstrated enhanced Pgp expression (Cooper et al, 1999; Bard et al, 2002a) suggesting a protective role of Pgp. Nevertheless, in another study performed in killifish from a heavily polluted site with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals, Paetzold et al (2009) found no up-regulation of hepatic ABCB1 transcripts. Similarly, after in vivo exposures of fishes to different xenobiotics, such as prochloraz, nonylphenol diethoxylate, ß-naphthoflavone, BaP and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl no changes were seen in the levels of hepatic and/or intestinal Pgp (Doi et al, 2001; Sturm et al, 2001; Costa et al, 2012b, 2013).…”

“…Paetzold et al (2009) described an up-regulation of hepatic transcripts for ABCC2 and ABCG2 in a multiresistant population of killifish living in a pond heavily polluted with PAHs, PCBs and heavy metals, while no up-regulation was seen in ABCB1 and ABCB11 mRNA. Exposure to metals has induced the expression of ABCC2 in excretory organs of zebrafish including kidney, liver and intestine (Long et al, 2011b) and also Cd-exposed Trematomus bernachii (Zucchi et al, 2010).…”

“…Compared to biotransformation enzymes, research on efflux transporters is still very limited and has largely been confined to mammalian models. In aquatic organisms, a few studies have been conducted in an attempt to elucidate this cooperative mechanism (Cooper et al, 1999; Sturm et al, 2001; Bard et al, 2002b; Paetzold et al, 2009; Costa et al, 2012b; Ferreira et al, 2014). The majority of these studies have been confined to the study of Pgp and CYP1A, and results suggest that these two proteins should not be coordinately regulated in fish, but enhance the fact that they may act in complementarity in cellular detoxification.…”

AHR-related activities in a creosote-adapted population of adult atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, two decades post-EPA superfund status at the Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, VA USA

“…At the time of primer design and application in qPCR assays for this study, GSTα was the only killifish GST sequence we were aware of, and therefore the results are interpreted only within the context of this subclass. Subsequent to this study and reporting, it became apparent that killifish GSTmu has been examined, and shown be elevated in killifish residing in Sidney tar ponds of Nova Scotia, Canada (Paetzold et al, 2009a). The full suite of GST subclasses in killifish has not yet been described and characterized.…”