Up-regulation of vimentin expression during regeneration in the adult fish brain

Clint, Sorcha C.; Zupanc, Günther K.H.

doi:10.1097/00001756-200203040-00014

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar as the increase in areal density of GFAPexpressing radial glial fibers, the expression of vimentin in fibers at the site of the lesion and in the remaining ipsilateral molecular layer is up-regulated in a specific spatiotemporal fashion [Clint and Zupanc, 2002]. The areal density of vimentin-positive fibers increases significantly 15 days after application of a mechanical lesion to the corpus cerebelli and remains elevated throughout the time period of up to 100 days examined.…”

Section: Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 69%

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Zupanc

2001

Brain Behav Evol

183

153

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In contrast to mammals, teleost fish exhibit an enormous potential to produce new neurons in the adult central nervous system and to replace damaged neurons by newly generated ones. In the gymnotiform fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, on average, 100,000 cells, corresponding to roughly 0.2% of the total population of cells in the adult brain, are in S-phase within any 2-h period. As in all other teleosts examined thus far, many of these cells are produced in specific proliferation zones located at or near the surface of ventricular, paraventricular, and cisternal systems, or in areas that are likely derived from proliferation zones located at ventricular surfaces during embryonic development. The majority of cells born in such proliferation zones migrate within the first few weeks following their generation to specific target areas. In the cerebellum, where approximately 75% of all brain cells are born during adulthood, cells originate from the molecular layers of the corpus cerebelli and the valvula cerebelli partes lateralis and medialis, as well as from the eminentia granularis pars medialis. From these proliferation zones, the young cells migrate to the associated granule cell layers or to the eminentia granularis pars posterior, respectively. In the course of their migration, the young cells appear to be guided by radial glial fibers. Upon arrival at their target region, approximately 50% of the young cerebellar cells undergo apoptosis. The remaining cells survive for the rest of the fish’s life, thus contributing to permanent brain growth. At least some cells differentiate into granule cell neurons. The potential to produce new neurons, together with the ability to guide the young cells to their target areas by radial glial fibers and to eliminate damaged cells through apoptosis, also forms the basis for the enormous regenerative capability of the central nervous system of Apteronotus, as demonstrated in the cerebellum and spinal cord. A factor involved in the cerebellar regeneration appears to be somatostatin, as the expression of this neuropeptide is up-regulated in a specific spatio-temporal fashion following mechanical lesions. Besides its involvement in neuronal regeneration adult neurogenesis in Apteronotus, and possibly teleost fish in general, appears to play a role in providing central neurons to match the growing number of sensory and motor elements in the periphery, and to establish the neural substrate to accommodate behavioral plasticity.

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Section: Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 69%

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Zupanc

2001

Brain Behav Evol

183

153

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“…Finally, the density of vimentin-positive radial glia fibers increases near the lesion site from 15 days postlesion and remains elevated throughout the time period of up to 100 days examined [Clint and Zupanc, 2002]. As the majority of new cells that replace those damaged in the course of the injury are likely to have arrived before the up-regulation of vimentin, we hypothesized that this intermediate filament protein is involved in promoting the survival, differentiation, and/or dendritic development of the new neurons.…”

Section: Time Course Relative To Other Regenerative Eventsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(vii) Arrival of young cells at site of lesion . (viii) Increase in density of vimentin-positive radial glia fibers at and near site of the lesion [Clint and Zupanc, 2002]. The first slope of each bar represents the time-period during which the event shows an increase from background levels.…”

Section: Time Course Relative To Other Regenerative Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Microglia/Macrophages during Regeneration in the Cerebellum of Adult Teleost Fish, <i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus:</i> A Quantitative Analysis

et al. 2003

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In contrast to mammals, adult teleost fish exhibit an enormous capacity to replace damaged neurons with newly generated ones after injuries in the central nervous system. In the present study, the role of microglia/macrophages, identified by tomato lectin binding, was examined in this process of neuronal regeneration in the corpus cerebelli of the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. In the intact corpus cerebelli, or after short survival times following application of a mechanical lesion to this cerebellar subdivision, microglia/macrophages were virtually absent. Conversely, approximately 3 days after application of the lesion, the areal density of microglia/macrophages started to increase at and near the lesion site in the ipsilateral hemisphere, as well as in the contralateral hemisphere, and reached maximum levels at approximately 10 days post lesion. The density remained elevated until it reached background levels approximately one month after the injury. By comparing the time course of the appearance of microglia/macrophages with that of other regenerative events occurring within the first few weeks of wound healing in this model system, we hypothesize that one possible function of microglia/macrophages might be to remove debris of cells that have undergone apoptotic cell death at the lesion site.

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“…As astrocytes mature, Vim tends to be replaced by GFAP (Eng and Bigbee, 1978;Bignami et al, 1980;Levitt and Rakic, 1980;Onteniente et al, 1983). Up-regulation of Vim observed in a teleost after brain injury has been implicated in repair and formation of new nerve cells (Clint and Zupanc, 2002).…”

Section: Changes In the Pattern Of Vim And Gfap Immunoreactivity Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivities in the brain of gray mullet (Chelon labrosus), an advanced teleost

Arochena

Anadón

Díaz-Regueira

2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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Previous studies in teleosts have revealed the presence of the intermediate filaments vimentin (Vim) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in glial cells of the spinal cord and/or some brain regions, but there is no comprehensive study of their distribution and developmental changes in fishes. Here, the distribution of Vim and GFAP immunoreactivities was studied in the brain of larvae, juveniles, and adults of an advanced teleost, the gray mullet (Chelon labrosus). A different sequence of appearance was observed for expression of these proteins: Vim levels decreased with age, whereas GFAP increased. In general, both immunoreactivities were expressed early in perikarya and endfeet of ependymocytes (tanycytes), whereas expression in radial processes appeared later. In large larvae, the similar expression patterns of Vim and GFAP suggest that some of these glial cells contain both proteins. Subependymal radial glia cells were observed mainly in the optic tectum, exhibiting Vim and GFAP immunoreactivity. The only immunoreactive cells with astrocyte-like morphology were observed in the optic chiasm of the adult, and they were positive for both GFAP and Vim. The perivascular processes of glial cells showed a different distribution of Vim and GFAP during development and had a caudorostral sequence of appearance of immunoreactivities similar to that observed for ependymal and radial glia cells. Several circumventricular organs (the organon vasculosum hypothalami, saccus vasculosus, and area postrema) exhibited highly specialized Vim- and/or GFAP-expressing glial cells. The glial cells of the midline septa of several brain regions were also Vim and/or GFAP immunoreactive. In the adult brain, tanycytes retain Vim expression in several brain regions. As in other vertebrates, the regions with Vim-immunoreactive ventricular and midline glia may represent areas with the capability of plasticity and regeneration in adult brain.

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Up-regulation of vimentin expression during regeneration in the adult fish brain

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System of Teleost Fish

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Microglia/Macrophages during Regeneration in the Cerebellum of Adult Teleost Fish, <i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus:</i> A Quantitative Analysis

Development of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivities in the brain of gray mullet (Chelon labrosus), an advanced teleost

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