Up-to-date clinical and experimental basis for the use of probiotics

Penna, Francisco José; Filho, Luciano Amédée Péret; Calçado, Antônio C.; Hugo, Richard; Nicolli, Jacques R.

doi:10.2223/jped.155

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Generally, it is thought that the population levels of probiotics must be sufficiently elevated to exert beneficial effects. Penna et al (2000) described that the concentration of probiotics should be adjusted in the initial preparation to achieve a minimum of 10 7 CFU/g of intestinal content. The proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract of B. animalis subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract after its Administration in a Milk-free Soybean Product and the Effect on Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adults

Watanabe

Isono

2012

FSTR

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The survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 in the gastrointestinal tract after its administration in a milk-free yogurt-like soybean product and effects on fecal microbiota in humans were determined. Twelve healthy volunteers were administered 100 g of yogurt-like soybean product for 3 weeks. The plate count method combined with specific PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were used to estimate the numbers of total Bifidobacterium and B. animalis subsp. lactis in fecal samples. B. animalis subsp. lactis was detected during the administration period but not before. The intake number of B. animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 was 2.4 × 10 10 CFU/day by the plate count method and 4.2 × 10 13 copies/day by quantitative real-time PCR. However, the number of excreted B. animalis subsp. lactis per day was estimated to be more than 10 times the intake number, by both methods. The percentage of Bifidobacterium increased from 16.9 ± 21.8% to 34.1 ± 20.4% by the plate count method and 18.9 ± 13.4% to 27.8 ± 15.8% by the T-RFLP method after 3 weeks administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract after its Administration in a Milk-free Soybean Product and the Effect on Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adults

Watanabe

Isono

2012

FSTR

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“…Saccharomyces boulardii, in particular, has been very successful in prevention and treatment of AAD, being especially effective against Clostridium difficile, the cause of about a third of all AAD cases (7,56). S. boulardii was isolated from fruit in Indochina, and because of its benefits in the treatment of diarrhea, it is now a commercially available alternative remedy in Europe, Africa, and South America (39,45) for AAD, acute diarrhea in children, and traveler's diarrhea (22). Many in vitro and some in vivo studies have suggested that S. boulardii is able to prevent intestinal infections caused by the adherence or invasion of C. difficile, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans to the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal tract (4,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Physiological Characterization of Saccharomyces boulardii , the Probiotic Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Edwards-Ingram

Gitsham

Burton

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

171

153

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Saccharomyces boulardii, a yeast that was isolated from fruit in Indochina, has been used as a remedy for diarrhea since 1950 and is now a commercially available treatment throughout Europe, Africa, and South America. Though initially classified as a separate species of Saccharomyces, recent publications have shown that the genome of S. boulardii is so similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae that the two should be classified as conspecific. This raises the question of the distinguishing molecular and phenotypic characteristics present in S. boulardii that make it perform more effectively as a probiotic organism compared to other strains of S. cerevisiae. This investigation reports some of these distinguishing characteristics including enhanced ability for pseudohyphal switching upon nitrogen limitation and increased resistance to acidic pH. However, these differences did not correlate with increased adherence to epithelial cells or transit through mouse gut. Pertinent characteristics of the S. boulardii genome such as trisomy of chromosome IX, altered copy number of a number of individual genes, and sporulation deficiency have been revealed by comparative genome hybridization using oligonucleotide-based microarrays coupled with a rigorous statistical analysis. The contributions of the different genomic and phenotypic features of S. boulardii to its probiotic nature are discussed.

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“…This calls for alternative approaches for the prevention and control of DTIs, such as mucosal vaccines and immunomodulators (3,(12)(13)(14)(15). Orally applied microbial products, such as probiotics (16)(17)(18) and polybacterial immunomodulators have been found to be very active oral drugs (3,12,15,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cellular and Humoral Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Stimulated by an Oral Polybacterial Immunomodulator in Patients with Chronic Urinary Tract Infections

Marinova

Nenkov

Markova

et al. 2005

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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An oral polybacterial immunomodulator Urostim (U), composed of killed cells and their lysates from E. coli expressing type 1 and P-pili, E. coli Rc mutant, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis was created for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In experimental animal models, the stimulating effect ofU on lymphocyte functional activity, macrophage phagocytosis and antibody producing cells, was established. In this study the immuno-modulating effects of U on the proliferating capacity and ultrastructural morphologic changes of lymphocytes, cytokine production and specific systemic humoral and mucosal immune responses in patients with UTIs have been evaluated. Patients enrolled in the study, received orally 50 mg U daily for a period ofthree months. On days 0, 30 and 90 a quantitative analysis was performed on lymphoproliferative responses to polyclonal mitogens, IL-2 and the specific antigen U, the production of specific serum and saliva IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to all components of U and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There was significant improvement of non-specific and specific lymphoproliferative responses on days 30 and 90 after the onset oftreatment with U, confirmed by electronmicroscopic studies. The highest concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-lj3, and IL-6 were registered at baseline followed by a decrease until the end ofthe observation period. This finding correlates with the gradual decrease of immune activation as measured by the spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation. Data from the production of specific antibacterial antibodies in serum and saliva show two types of reactions. The first type was registered in patients with low pre-treatment levels in whom the concentration of specific antibodies increased on days 30 and 90. The second type of reaction was observed in patients with high pre-treatment levels,which dropped on day 30 and were usually followed by an increase at the end of the study. These results provide evidence for the immuno-modulating effect of U. Our data show that the oral administration of the polybacterial immunomodulator Urostim stimulates adequate cellular and humoral systemic and mucosal immune responses in patients with chronic UTIs.In recent years mucosal vaccines have produced great scientific and practical results. More than three decades of research in experimental models have shown promising results in stimulating mucosal immune responses (1). Mucosa of the urinary tract is the port of entry for different bacterial species (Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas etc.), the causative agents of chronic and recurrent infections (2-3). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans and are a serious problem in medical practice (4-6). The most frequent etiologic agent ofUTIs is Escherichia coli, especially the one possessing type 1 pili, acting as adhesions and

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Up-to-date clinical and experimental basis for the use of probiotics

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract after its Administration in a Milk-free Soybean Product and the Effect on Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adults

Survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis OPB-1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract after its Administration in a Milk-free Soybean Product and the Effect on Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adults

Genotypic and Physiological Characterization of Saccharomyces boulardii , the Probiotic Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cellular and Humoral Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses Stimulated by an Oral Polybacterial Immunomodulator in Patients with Chronic Urinary Tract Infections

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