Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Abstract

Hoven, van den, G.N.; Snoeks, E.; Polman, A.; Dam, van, C.; Uffelen, van, J.W.M.; Smit, M.K. Published in:Journal of Applied Physics Published: 01/01/1996 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Hoven, van den, G. N., Snoeks, E., Polman, A., Dam, van, C., Uffelen, van, J. W. M., & Smit, M. K. (1996). Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides. Journal of Applied Physics, 79(3), 1258-1266. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. When pumped with a 1.48 m laser diode, Er-implanted Al 2 O 3 ridge waveguides emit a broad spectrum consisting of several distinct peaks having wavelengths ranging from the midinfrared ͑1.53 m͒ to the visible ͑520 nm͒. In order to explain these observations, three different upconversion mechanisms are considered: cooperative upconversion, excited state absorption, and pair-induced quenching. It is found that for samples with a high Er concentration ͑1.4 at. %͒, cooperative upconversion completely dominates the deexcitation of the Er 3ϩ ions. For a much lower concentration ͑0.12 at. %͒, the influence of cooperative upconversion is strongly reduced, and another upconversion effect becomes apparent: excited state absorption. These conclusions are based on measurements of the luminescence emission versus pump intensity, and also on measured luminescence decay curves. The upconversion coefficient is found to be ͑4Ϯ1͒ϫ10 Ϫ18 cm 3 /s; the excited state absorption cross section is ͑0.9Ϯ0.3͒ϫ10 Ϫ21 cm 2 . It is shown that in spite of these upconversion effects, a high fraction of the Er 3ϩ can be excite...

Er3+ and Si luminescence of atomic layer deposited Er-doped Al2O3 thin films on Si(100)

“…Note that the measurements provided no direct evidence for the significant population of the 4 S 3/2 state, as emission at 0.85 lm ( 4 S 3/2 ! 4 I 13/2 ) was not detected, in contrast to observations by van den Hoven et al 13 Furthermore, the ratio between I UC at 980 and 660 nm of $10 2 suggests that the probability of a three-photon UC process is approximately 10 2 smaller compared to UC involving two photons. The upconversion processes appeared to be more strongly …”

“…2,28,47 An important quenching mechanism is concentration quenching, i.e., the transfer of energy between Er 3þ ions until it is nonradiatively dissipated. 13 The energy migration between Er 3þ ions is expected to be effective concerning the relatively high Er concentrations in our films. The broad energy range of the OH stretching vibration around $3600 cm À1 (Ref.…”

“…In addition, it is important to note that the population of the 4 I 9/2 state may strongly rely on ErEr interactions, 28 as the ETU process is expected to be the prominent UC mechanism for our samples with relatively high [Er]. 13,39 The mean Er-Er distance can be easily estimated from their concentration when a relatively uniform distribution is assumed. For [Er] ¼ 1 at.…”

“…Two different UC mechanisms can be discerned: excitedstate upconversion (ESA), in which a single Er 3þ ion is excited stepwise to a higher energy state, and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) where energy is nonradiatively transferred between ions. 3,13 Here we focus on near-infrared emission through excitation in the infrared with 1.48 lm laser light. This excitation wavelength is relevant for upconversion processes for Si photovoltaics.…”

Spectroscopic excitation and quenching processes in rare-earth-ion-doped AI203 and their impact on amplifier and laser performance

“…Applying an upconversion model that treats all ions equally to the incomplete picture provided by luminescence decay experiments under quasi-CW excitation necessarily leads to incorrect results. This type of experiments is a wide-spread investigation tool [118][119][120], and many spectroscopic studies are based exclusively on them. The parameter values derived from such studies may be inaccurate, resulting in incorrect predictions of device performance.…”