Upcycling of spent lithium-ion battery graphite anodes for a dual carbon lithium-ion capacitor

Bhattacharjee, Udita; Bhar, Madhushri; Bhowmik, Subhajit; Martha, Surendra K.

doi:10.1039/d3se00170a

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The I D /I G ratio is observed to be >1, which indicates the disordered nature of bonding on the matrix with open edges, plausible bonding with hetero atoms, and induction of porosity from the activation method. In contrast, the Raman spectra of RG showed an intense G-band with a less intense D-band, resulting in an I D /I G ratio of 0.47, which is <1 and, thus, indicates the ordered nature of the carbon bonded in the matrix 27,31 The less intense D-band in the recycled graphite has possibly originated due to the SEI layer formed during the 1st life LIB cycling and from the exposed open edges of the layers in graphite after purification. This is also justified by the fact that pristine graphite has a very low ID/IG ratio of 0.02 as observed in Supplementary Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, recycling waste materials like biowaste, agricultural waste, and electronic wastes like spent LIBs for application in energy storage materials have been sought after, giving them a recycled second life. [24][25][26][27][28][29] The increase in the usage of LIBs worldwide for almost every electronic application on a day-to-day basis has led to the creation of a vast heap of spent LIBs, which ultimately end up in landfills or polluting the environment. Thus, recycling spent LIBs has become of utmost importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…LICs with configurations like prelithiated recycled graphite//AC, DMF-washed recycled graphite// AC, and recycled graphite//AC via solvent co-intercalation are found to deliver energies of 112, 185, 46.4 Wh kg −1 at power densities of >300, 315, 248 W kg −1 , respectively. 27,[50][51][52] In this work, a LIC is studied using activated carbon derived from recycled polymer separators as a capacitive cathode which is counter-paired with pre-lithiated recycled graphite as LIB-type anode to elucidate their energy-power balanced performance, and the mechanisms of ion storage involved. Both electrode materials are derived from the spent LIBs and are attempted to recycle the end-oflife LIB components.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Dual Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitor Using Recycled Polymer Separator Derived Carbon Cathode and Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery

Bhattacharjee,

Bhar,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are hybrid capacitors that target pushing the energy limits of conventional supercapacitors by incorporating a lithium-ion battery (LIB)-type electrode without compromising much on the power density and cycle life of capacitors. Herein, a LIC is assembled using an ordered porous carbon cathode derived from the recycled polymer separator of spent LIBs and recycled graphite anode from the same source. The carbon-rich polymer is thermally stabilized and carbonized to utilize its porosity for ion storage and ordered matrix for better electronic conduction. The cathode half-cell delivers a capacitance of ∼100 F g−1 till 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. In contrast, the anode half-cell delivers a capacity of 130 mAh g−1 under similar conditions. The assembled LIC provides an energy density of 129 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 275 W kg−1 and 54 Wh kg−1 at a high-power density of 13750 W kg−1. The LIC cycles with >70% capacitance retention till 6000 cycles. Further, the ion-storage mechanism of the LICs as well as their capacitive and diffusion-type contribution, is studied. The self-discharge and leakage current tests were performed in the cells to understand their practical feasibility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Dual Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitor Using Recycled Polymer Separator Derived Carbon Cathode and Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery

Bhattacharjee,

Bhar,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Co-doping of MnO 2 has been found to improve the performance of this material in a magnesium-ion capacitor by increasing both the electronic conductivity and stability [ 273 ]. The enhanced stability of a LiC built with graphite recycled from spent LiBs has been attributed to several factors [ 274 ].…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ag(e)ing and Degradation of Supercapacitors: Causes, Mechanisms, Models and Countermeasures

Chen

Holze

2023

Molecules

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The most prominent and highly visible advantage attributed to supercapacitors of any type and application, beyond their most notable feature of high current capability, is their high stability in terms of lifetime, number of possible charge/discharge cycles or other stability-related properties. Unfortunately, actual devices show more or less pronounced deterioration of performance parameters during time and use. Causes for this in the material and component levels, as well as on the device level, have only been addressed and discussed infrequently in published reports. The present review attempts a complete coverage on these levels; it adds in modelling approaches and provides suggestions for slowing down ag(e)ing and degradation.

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“…On the contrary, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can provide prominent energy density (>250 Wh kg −1 ), but the slow Li + diffusion process in the electrode results in a low power density. To achieve high energy and power density, a good long cycle life, and a low cost for energy storage devices, a promising approach is to assemble hybrid device lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. LICs are made of lithium intercalation/de-intercalation-type anode material, together with capacitive-type cathode material with fast kinetics [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Coal for High-Performance Dual-Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Jiang,

Shen,

Chen

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are emerging as one of the most advanced hybrid energy storage devices, however, their development is limited by the imbalance of the dynamics and capacity between the anode and cathode electrodes. Herein, anthracite was proposed as the raw material to prepare coal-based, nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (CNPCs), together with being employed as a cathode and anode used for dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors (DC-LICs). The prepared CNPCs exhibited a folded carbon nanosheet structure and the pores could be well regulated by changing the additional amount of g-C3N4, showing a high conductivity, abundant heteroatoms, and a large specific surface area. As expected, the optimized CNPCs (CTK-1.0) delivered a superior lithium storage capacity, which exhibited a high specific capacity of 750 mAh g−1 and maintained an excellent capacity retention rate of 97% after 800 cycles. Furthermore, DC-LICs (CTK-1.0//CTK-1.0) were assembled using the CTK-1.0 as both cathode and anode electrodes to match well in terms of internal kinetics and capacity simultaneously, which displayed a maximum energy density of 137.6 Wh kg−1 and a protracted lifetime of 3000 cycles. This work demonstrates the great potential of coal-based carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage devices and also provides a new way for the high value-added utilization of coal materials.

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Upcycling of spent lithium-ion battery graphite anodes for a dual carbon lithium-ion capacitor

Abstract: Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are hybrid devices that combine the properties of both high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the high power and cyclability of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) in a single-unit...

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

A Dual Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitor Using Recycled Polymer Separator Derived Carbon Cathode and Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery

A Dual Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitor Using Recycled Polymer Separator Derived Carbon Cathode and Graphite Anode from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery

Ag(e)ing and Degradation of Supercapacitors: Causes, Mechanisms, Models and Countermeasures

Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Coal for High-Performance Dual-Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitors

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