Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Salivary Glands

Skálová, Alena; Hyrcza, Martin; Leivo, Ilmo

doi:10.1007/s12105-022-01420-1

Cited by 194 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Parotid gland tumors are the predominant salivary gland tumors, more than 80% of which are benign ( 1 ). According to the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Head and Neck Tumors, there were 15 histological types of benign parotid tumors, of which the most common type was pleomorphic adenoma (PA), followed by Warthin tumor (WT) and basal cell adenoma (BCA) ( 2 , 3 ). Most patients with benign parotid tumors present as a painless mass, frequently asymptomatic and incidentally detected ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Machine Models Based on Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Radiomic Analysis to Differentiate Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma From Pleomorphic Adenoma

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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ObjectiveThis study explored the value of different radiomic models based on multiphase computed tomography in differentiating parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and basal cell tumor (BCA) concerning the predominant phase and the optimal radiomic model.MethodsThis study enrolled 173 patients with pathologically confirmed parotid tumors (training cohort: n=121; testing cohort: n=52). Radiomic features were extracted from the nonenhanced, arterial, venous, and delayed phases CT images. After dimensionality reduction and screening, logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to develop radiomic models. The optimal radiomic model was selected by using ROC curve analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze clinical-radiological characteristics and to identify variables for developing a clinical model. A combined model was constructed by integrating clinical and radiomic features. Model performances were assessed by ROC curve analysis.ResultsA total of 1036 radiomic features were extracted from each phase of CT images. Sixteen radiomic features were considered valuable by dimensionality reduction and screening. Among radiomic models, the SVM model of the arterial and delayed phases showed superior predictive efficiency and robustness (AUC, training cohort: 0.822, 0.838; testing cohort: 0.752, 0.751). The discriminatory capability of the combined model was the best (AUC, training cohort: 0.885; testing cohort: 0.834).ConclusionsThe diagnostic performance of the arterial and delayed phases contributed more than other phases. However, the combined model demonstrated excellent ability to distinguish BCA from PA, which may provide a non-invasive and efficient method for clinical decision-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Machine Models Based on Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Radiomic Analysis to Differentiate Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma From Pleomorphic Adenoma

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…Recently recognized (and added to the upcoming 5th edition of WHO Head/Neck Tumor Classification), primary MA arises principally in minor SGs of the oral cavity. These have been shown to harbor recurrent AKT1 E17K hotspot oncogene mutations by molecular profiling, display a variety of histologic patterns, and contain intra‐ and extra‐cellular mucin 56,57 . Few cytologic reports and no large series of salivary MA cytology exist 58…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Analysis of 76 cytologic cases and correlation with histologic grade

Wakely

2022

Cancer Cytopathology

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BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland (SG) malignancy. In this study, the author undertook analysis of a large collection of MEC cytologic cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytopathology files were searched for MEC cases with histopathologic confirmation. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears used standard technique. RESULTS: Seventy-six cases (63 patients [M:F = 1:1; age range, 23-87 years; mean age, 58 years]) met inclusion criteria. Aspirates were primary (54 [71%]), metastatic (18 [24%]), and locally recurrent (4 [5%]). FNA sites included parotid gland (49 [64%]), regional lymph nodes (11 [14%]), submandibular gland (5 [7%]), inner canthus of eye (2 [3%]), and lung (2 [3%]); and single specimens from palate, jaw, shoulder, paranasal sinus, floor of mouth, ear canal, and effusion. Cytologic diagnoses included MEC (30 cases [39%]), suspicious for MEC (16 [21%]), non-MEC carcinoma (9 [12%]), suspicious for malignancy (SM) (2 [3%], malignant (M) (1 [1%]), SG and/or suspicious SG neoplasm (7 [8%]), atypical (3 [5%]), nonneoplastic (5 [6%]), nondiagnostic (2 [3%]), and benign SG neoplasm (1 [1%]). A total of 26% of low-grade (LG) cases were diagnosed as malignant in contrast to 87% malignant in high-grade (HG) cases. Cytomorphology depended on tumor grade.LG MEC contained intra-and/or extra-cellular mucin and more uniform cell and/or nuclear morphology, whereas cytologic atypia, anisonucleosis, and keratotic cells were more typical of HG tumors. CONCLUSION: A malignant (M) or suspicious for malignancy (SM) cytologic interpretation was made in 76% of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cases. In contrast to high-grade MEC (97% identified as M/SM), only 59% of low-grade (LG) MEC cases were interpreted as such, illustrating the continued diagnostic challenge posed by LG MEC using fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Cancer Cytopathol 2022;.

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“…Salivary gland tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from the major salivary glands (the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) as well as from the numerous minor salivary glands in the oral mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract. The diversity of histologic subtypes originating from these glands is remarkable and there are more than 30 known histological subtypes of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors of which the pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common [ 1 , 2 ]. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas are the two most common malignant salivary gland tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Translocations, Gene Fusions, and Their Molecular Consequences in Pleomorphic Salivary Gland Adenomas

et al. 2022

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Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the major and minor salivary glands. The pleomorphic adenoma (PA), which is the most common subtype, is a benign lesion showing a remarkable morphologic diversity and that, upon recurrence or malignant transformation, can cause significant clinical problems. Cytogenetic studies of >500 PAs have revealed a complex and recurrent pattern of chromosome rearrangements. In this review, we discuss the specificity and frequency of these rearrangements and their molecular/clinical consequences. The genomic hallmark of PA is translocations with breakpoints in 8q12 and 12q13-15 resulting in gene fusions involving the transcription factor genes PLAG1 and HMGA2. Until recently, the association between these two oncogenic drivers was obscure. Studies of the Silver–Russel syndrome, a growth retardation condition infrequently caused by mutations in IGF2/HMGA2/PLAG1, have provided new clues to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PA. These studies have demonstrated that HMGA2 is an upstream regulator of PLAG1 and that HMGA2 regulates the expression of IGF2 via PLAG1. This provides a novel explanation for the 8q12/12q13-15 aberrations in PA and identifies IGF2 as a major oncogenic driver and therapeutic target in PA. These studies have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with PA.

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Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Salivary Glands

Cited by 194 publications

References 49 publications

Comparison of Different Machine Models Based on Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Radiomic Analysis to Differentiate Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma From Pleomorphic Adenoma

Comparison of Different Machine Models Based on Multi-Phase Computed Tomography Radiomic Analysis to Differentiate Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma From Pleomorphic Adenoma

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Analysis of 76 cytologic cases and correlation with histologic grade

Chromosome Translocations, Gene Fusions, and Their Molecular Consequences in Pleomorphic Salivary Gland Adenomas

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