Update on Current Microbiological Techniques for Pathogen Identification in Infectious Endophthalmitis

Abstract

Infectious endophthalmitis is a vision-threatening medical emergency that requires prompt clinical diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. However, achieving precision in endophthalmitis management remains challenging. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent studies that are representative of the current trends in clinical microbiological techniques for infectious endophthalmitis.

Systematic analysis of the scientific-technological production on the use of the UV, H2O2, and/or Cl2 systems in the elimination of bacteria and associated antibiotic resistance genes

“…There are several reasons for the inactivation studies of particular bacteria as models in scientific research, which may be (i) these species of bacteria are easy to grow in the laboratory and can be obtained in large numbers; (ii) they are considered indicators of microbial contamination and are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of disinfection processes; (iii) in the case of E. coli and P. putida , they are known to carry antibiotic resistance genes and are therefore important for evaluating the elimination of antibiotic resistance in water treatment processes (Bower et al 2005 ; Chun et al 2022 ; He et al 2019 ). However, it is important to note that the microorganisms used in laboratory models or assays may not fully represent the microbial diversity present in wastewater or other aquatic environments.…”

Role of Recent PCR Tests for Infectious Ocular Diseases: From Laboratory-Based Studies to the Clinic

“…Its infectious antigens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Specifically, it detects pathogens that cause infectious ocular diseases, such as following: herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, HSV2, varicellazoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus (HHV) 6, HHV7, HHV8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1, human adenovirus (HAdV), M. tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, C. acnes, bacterial 16S rRNA, Candida species, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Aspergillus, Fusarium, fungal 28S rRNA, Toxoplasma, Toxocara, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Acanthamoeba [11][12][13]. The cases of patients with infectious ocular diseases of unknown cause are tested using this PCR kit.…”

“…Broad-range PCR amplifies and diagnoses common gene regions of bacterial and fungal species: several microbiological techniques exist for bacterial pathogen identification in endophthalmitis using 16S rRNA pan-bacterial PCR [11][12][13]. PCR was designed with bacterial 16S rRNA-specific primers and probes to detect the bacterial 16S rRNA gene region [3].…”