Update on Immunohistochemistry for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Inamura, Kentaro

doi:10.3390/cancers10030072

Cited by 120 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, Valeria et al suggested abandoning the concept of non-small cell lung cancer because a large body of experimental evidence suggests that LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma appear to be distinct tumours at the molecular, pathological and clinical levels [35]. Therefore, academics have placed increasing emphasis on the use of precision medicine in lung cancer [36][37][38]. It is necessary to explore methods to consolidate the current staging system and to improve the prognosis for lung cancer patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a survival model for lung adenocarcinoma based on autophagy-associated genes

Wang¹,

Yao²,

Xiao³

et al. 2020

J Transl Med

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Background: Given that abnormal autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, we sought to explore the potential value of autophagy-associated genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods:RNA sequencing and clinical data on tumour and normal samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and randomly assigned to training and testing groups. Differentially expressed autophagy-associated genes (AAGs) were screened. Within the training group, Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses were conducted to screen five prognostic AAGs, which were used to develop a model. Kaplan-Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the performance of the model in both groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the differential expression of AAGs in tumour and normal tissues at the protein level. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were utilized to further elucidate the roles of AAGs in LUAD. Results:The data from the TCGA database included 497 tumour and 54 normal samples, within which 30 differentially expressed AAGs were screened. Using Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses for the training group, 5 prognostic AAGs were identified and the prognostic model was constructed. Patients with low risk had better overall survival (OS) in the training group (3-year OS, 73.0% vs 48.0%; 5-year OS, 45.0% vs 33.8%; P = 1.305E−04) and in the testing group (3-year OS, 66.8% vs 41.2%; 5-year OS, 31.7% vs 25.8%; P = 1.027E−03). The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were significant for both the training and testing groups (3-year AUC, 0.810 vs 0.894; 5-year AUC, 0.792 vs 0.749). Conclusions:We developed a survival model for LUAD and validated the performance of the model, which may provide superior outcomes for the patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a survival model for lung adenocarcinoma based on autophagy-associated genes

Wang¹,

Yao²,

Xiao³

et al. 2020

J Transl Med

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“…In general, adenocarcinoma can be diagnosed with morphological findings of acinar/tubular structures or mucin production as well as IHC-positive markers for TTF-1 and/or Napsin-A. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is usually defined by keratinization or intercellular bridges with associated IHC markers such as P-40, P-63, and CK-5/CK-6, with P-40 being the most sensitive and specific [14]. Neuroendocrine tumors are usually categorized into 3 subtypes: small cell lung carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and carcinoid tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroendocrine tumors are usually categorized into 3 subtypes: small cell lung carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and carcinoid tumor. All subtypes share features of neuroendocrine differentiation with IHC expression of at least one neuroendocrine marker including chromogranin A, synaptophysin, or CD-56 [14]. Moreover, levels of CK-7, CK-20, and TTF-1 have been used to distinguish pulmonary and GI carcinomas [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Presentation of Poorly Differentiated Lung Carcinoma with Duodenal Metastasis and Literature Review

Ahmed

Nasir

Donna

et al. 2020

Case Rep Gastroenterol

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Lung cancer is a common malignancy which is frequently found to metastasize to distant sites including bone, liver, and adrenal glands. There are rare reports of metastases to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the duodenum being the most uncommon. We present a rare case of a poorly differentiated lung carcinoma metastasizing to the duodenum. This case enhances the medical literature as it provides additional distinct features to the clinical and histological presentation of metastatic lung carcinoma to the GI tract. A 61-year-old male with a history of poorly differentiated lung carcinoma presented with worsening dizziness, fatigue, and early satiety. He had extensive workup done in the past for hemoptysis including a computerized tomography scan of the chest which showed a new lobulated, apical lesion and hilar Case Ahmed et al.: Poorly Differentiated Lung Carcinoma Metastasis to the Duodenum 187lymphadenopathy. He ultimately had a transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass and was later diagnosed with poorly differentiated lung carcinoma. On examination, the patient was noted to be pale, tachycardic, and hypotensive. The patient was noted to have an acute drop in his hemoglobin requiring fluid resuscitation, multiple blood transfusions, and evaluation with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He was found to have an oozing ulcer in the third portion of the duodenum whose biopsies showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with areas of neuroendocrine differentiation, similar to his lung biopsy results, which was consistent with metastatic lung carcinoma.

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“…In recent years, insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1), which contains 5 C‐terminal C2H2‐type zinc fingers, was identified as a key regulator of neuroendocrine development, and it is directly responsible for the transcription of synaptophysin and chromogranin . Some studies have examined the usefulness of immunostaining for INSM1 using histological or cytological samples, and the results have suggested that INSM1 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for the detection of neuroendocrine tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 is a novel diagnostic marker of small cell lung cancer in bronchial brushing and cell block cytology from pleural effusions: Validity and reliability with cutoff value

Abe

Takase

Sadashima³

et al. 2019

Cancer Cytopathology

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BACKGROUND:In recent years, insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been shown to be a key regulator of neuroendocrine development, and it has been evaluated for diagnostic use in some organs. METHODS: To evaluate the relationship between INSM1 and synaptophysin, and to confirm the cutoff value using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the authors performed INSM1 immunocytochemistry using cell block (CB) samples from 53 cases of bronchial brushings and 32 cases of pleural effusions (29 small cell lung cancer [SCLC] specimens and 56 non-small cell lung cancer specimens). The marker expression ratio was calculated by counting the positive tumor cells, and the tumor proportion score (TPS) was applied. RESULTS: INSM1 was expressed in all SCLC specimens, but generally was expressed in <10% of tumor cells in adenocarcinomas. In bronchial brushing samples of SCLC, the INSM1 TPS was 37.5% (staining of >50%), 25.0% (staining of 25%-50%), 29.5% (staining of 10%-25%), and 8.3% (staining of 1%-10%). There were 3 cases (12.5%) with no detectable synaptophysin expression, although the correlation between nuclear INSM1 expression and cytoplasmic synaptophysin expression was statistically significant (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that 8.68% was the best cutoff value for INSM1, and the sensitivity and specificity between SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer for expression of INSM1 were 95.8% and 100.0%, respectively, in bronchial brushing samples at that cutoff value. CONCLUSIONS: INSM1 is a novel diagnostic marker for SCLC, and is useful in both bronchial brushing and pleural effusion cytology specimens. Because INSM1 generally is expressed in <10% of tumor cells in adenocarcinomas, determining an accurate cutoff value for INSM1 is important in the diagnosis of SCLC. Cancer Cytopathol 2019;127:598-605. © 2019 American Cancer Society.KEY WORDS: bronchial and pleural cytology; cell block; insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1); lung cancer; small cell lung carcinoma.

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Update on Immunohistochemistry for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Cited by 120 publications

References 111 publications

Development and validation of a survival model for lung adenocarcinoma based on autophagy-associated genes

Development and validation of a survival model for lung adenocarcinoma based on autophagy-associated genes

A Rare Presentation of Poorly Differentiated Lung Carcinoma with Duodenal Metastasis and Literature Review

Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 is a novel diagnostic marker of small cell lung cancer in bronchial brushing and cell block cytology from pleural effusions: Validity and reliability with cutoff value

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