Update on Iron Overload in Zoologic Species

Lowenstine, Linda J.; Stasiak, Iga

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7397-8.00069-4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…178 In contrast, in adult captive lowland gorillas, centrilobular lipofuscinosis appears to be rare, while hepatocellular hemosiderosis is common. 156 Hepatocellular lipofuscinosis was present in all adult orangutans >28 yo examined by one of us (L.J.L. ), while hepatocellular hemosiderosis was in only 1 adult with chronic respiratory disease and cachexia.…”

Section: Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes

2015

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The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.

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Section: Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes

2015

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“…As is well known, ISD refers to avian patients with clinical signs related to iron overload and altered organ function. In affected animals, an increased deposition of hemosiderin in different types of tissue, especially in the liver, heart and spleen, can be observed [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 26 ]. In particular, liver hemosiderosis is microscopically characterized by iron pigment overload in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes [ 4 , 14 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Deadly Outbreak of Iron Storage Disease (ISD) in Italian Birds of the Family Turdidae

Pavone

Salamida

Pecorelli

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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A widespread deadly outbreak occurred in captive birds belonging to the family Turdidae in Italy. The present study was performed on 46 dead birds coming from 3 small decoy-bird breeders in central Italy. Only Turdus pilaris, Turdus iliacus, Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula were affected. No other species of bird held by these breeders died. A change of diet before the hunting season was reported from all breeders. Full necropsy of the animals and histological investigations of representative tissue samples were performed. Microscopical examination showed marked iron deposits in liver samples. Bacteriological investigations and molecular analysis to exclude bacterial and viral diseases were carried out. Contamination of food pellet samples by mycotoxins and analysis to detect heavy metal contaminants in food pellet samples were considered. An interesting result was the high iron content found in food pellets. It was higher than that considered suitable for birds, especially for species susceptible to development iron storage disease (ISD). Taken together, the results suggested an outbreak of ISD caused by the high iron content of food given to the birds before the hunting season. The high mortality recorded only in species belonging to the family Turdidae suggests a genetic predisposition in the affected birds.

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“…122 High dietary iron has been implicated in the development of iron storage disease in susceptible species, such as hornbills, toucans, lories, and lorikeets, as well as mynahs and other Sturnidae. 122,123 It is generally recommended that the iron content of commercial diets be maintained at less than 100 mg/kg. 124 Iron-sensitive species require even lower amounts of iron, ranging from 19 to 25 mg/kg.…”

Section: Iron Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%