Update on management of seminoma

Alexander, E.; White, I.; Horwich, A.

doi:10.4103/0970-1591.60451

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Cryptorchidism is one of the risk factors for developing testicular cancer, with seminomas being the most commonly observed testicular tumour in adult domestic animals and humans (Alexander et al., 2010; Trigo et al., 1984; Weiermayer & Richter, 2009). The abnormal location of the testis is a prerequisite for the development of cancer (Hutson et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colic signs caused by an unilateral abdominal seminoma in a Friesian stallion

Peeters,

Sterk,

Grinwis

et al. 2024

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryThis case report describes the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a 12‐year‐old Friesian stallion that presented with colic and was diagnosed with an unilateral abdominal seminoma. The diagnostic work‐up included haematology, blood chemistry, rectal examination and ultrasonography before the tentative diagnosis of a neoplastic intra‐abdominal testicle was made. The mass was removed surgically and diagnosed as a seminoma via histopathology. Regular follow‐up was performed since suspected metastasis was seen on transrectal ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Unfortunately, the patient was subjected to euthanasia 18 months post‐surgery due to clinical deterioration. Post‐mortem examination was performed and confirmed the cause of clinical deterioration was due to metastasis of the previously removed seminoma. Colic is, to the author's knowledge, rarely seen in stallions with an abdominal testicular neoplasm, in contrast to humans and dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colic signs caused by an unilateral abdominal seminoma in a Friesian stallion

Peeters,

Sterk,

Grinwis

et al. 2024

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Tumor size (>4 cm) and invasion of rete testis are still considered negative prognostic factors for relapse; however, validation studies failed to confirm prognostic value of these risk factors ( 6 , 7 ). Approximately 50% of patients with non-seminoma (NS) are diagnosed with stage I disease ( 8 ). Commonly accepted negative prognostic factors for relapse in stage I non-seminoma is invasion to the blood and lymphatic vessels and the presence of more than 50% of embryonic carcinoma ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Staging and Risk-stratification Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intricacies of Radiographic Assessment in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Makovnik

Rejleková

Uhrin³

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are malignancies with a unique biology, pathology, clinical appearance, and excellent outcomes. A correct radiographic assessment of GCTs is extremely important for the clinical management in several typical scenarios. Advancements in the field of diagnostic medicine bring an increasing number of sophisticated imaging methods to increase the performance of imaging studies. The conventional computed tomography (CT) remains the mainstay of diagnostic imaging in the management of GCTs. While certain improvements in the sensitivity and specificity are suggested with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with lymphotrophic nanoparticles in evaluating retroperitoneal lymph nodes during the staging procedure, further exploration in larger prospective studies is needed. A common diagnostic dilemma is assessing the post-chemotherapy residual disease in GCTs. Several studies have consistently shown advantages in the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in post-chemotherapy residual retroperitoneal lymph nodes in patients with seminoma, but not with non-seminoma. Recommendations suggest that seminoma patients with a residual disease in the retroperitoneum larger than 3 cm should be subjected for PET scanning with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose. Relatively high sensitivity, specificity and a negative predictive value (80–95%) may guide clinical decision to spare these patients of high morbidity of an unnecessary surgery. However, a positive predictive value of around 50% renders PET scanning difficult to interpret in the case of positive finding. These patients often require extremely difficult surgical procedures with the high risk of post-operative morbidity. Therefore, seminoma patients with PET positive residual masses larger than 3 cm still remain a serious challenge in the decision making of nuclear medicine specialist, oncologists, and urologic surgeons. In this article, we aim to summarize data on controversial dilemmas in staging procedures, active surveillance, and post-chemotherapy assessment of GCTs based on the available published literature.

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“…The cure rates is very high due to its extreme sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. [ 1 ] The prognosis of pure seminoma is excellent. [ 2 ] Majority of undescended testes are located distal to the external inguinal ring and they are palpable.…”

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confidence: 99%