Update on neuromyelitis optica: natural history and management

Jindahra, Panitha; Plant, Gordon T.

doi:10.2147/eb.s8392

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…In general, patients with NMO and NMOSD do not present differential clinical behaviours, and patients with either disorder should receive the same treatment. Without appropriate treatment, the prognosis of NMO is poor, as many patients usually experience a relapsing course, which most often leads to blindness and paralysis; many patients with NMO die within weeks or months, whereas patients with MS typically experience milder attacks with good recovery (only 15% of patients with MS have a primary‐progressive disease) . Early therapy should be initiated immediately after the diagnosis .…”

Section: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Chang

2019

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderNeuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially targets the spinal cord and optic nerve. Following the discovery of circulating antibodies against the astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein, recent studies have expanded our knowledge of the unique complexities of the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica and its relationship with the immune response. This review describes and summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neuromyelitis optica disease pathology and examines their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, we update the most recent research by proposing major unanswered questions regarding how peripheral AQP4 antibodies are produced and their entry into the central nervous system, the causes of AQP4-IgG-seronegative disease, why peripheral AQP4-expressing organs are spared from damage, and the impact of this disease on pregnancy.

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Section: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Chang

2019

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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“…21,22 Distinction from MS is paramount, as NMSOD carries a worse prognosis and requires different treatment (e.g., apheresis/plasmapheresis and different immunosuppressive medications relative to disease-modifying drugs for MS) which can potentially be ineffective for and/or exacerbate NMOSD. [23][24][25] With equivocal findings in the spine, involvement of the optic chiasm strongly favors NMOSD over MS. 26 Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG associated myelitis. Similar to NMOSD, anti-MOG IgG associated myelitis is an immune mediated demyelinating disorder which targets antibodies expressed on the surfaces of oligodendrocytes/myelin sheaths and preferentially involves the optic nerves and spinal cord.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune diseases of the spine and spinal cord

et al. 2023

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinicopathological tools have led to the identification of a wide spectrum of autoimmune entities that involve the spine. A clearer understanding of the unique imaging features of these disorders, along with their clinical presentations, will prove invaluable to clinicians and potentially limit the need for more invasive procedures such as tissue biopsies. Here, we review various autoimmune diseases affecting the spine and highlight salient imaging features that distinguish them radiologically from other disease entities.

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“…Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is an inflammatory disorder characterised by recurrent attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis [1]. The pathophysiology of NMO is inflammation, loss of astrocytes and an absence of staining of the water channel protein AQP4 by immunohistochemistry with demyelination and deposition of antibody along with complement [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromyelitis Optica and Liver Cirrhosis: An Association Or Co-Incidence

Kumar

Das

Agarwal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a rare central nervous system demyelination syndrome predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord. Here we present a middle-aged female presenting with new onset quadriparesis and a history of persistent splenomegaly and pancytopenia, eventually being diagnosed as NMO along with autoimmune cirrhosis. The association of Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with chronic liver disease has not been previously described in the literature. The purpose of this case report is to bring forward an unusual presentation and to ascertain whether it could be part of a heterogenous spectrum of an autoimmune disorder, or merely a co-incidence.

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Update on neuromyelitis optica: natural history and management

Cited by 7 publications

References 112 publications

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Autoimmune diseases of the spine and spinal cord

Neuromyelitis Optica and Liver Cirrhosis: An Association Or Co-Incidence

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