Update on NREL's 2020 Offshore Wind Resource Assessment for the California Pacific Outer Continental Shelf

Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Opportunities and Challenges in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

“…In this section, we examine additional technical challenges impacting offshore wind energy development in the Gulf of Mexico. Average hub-height wind speeds in the Gulf range from 7.0 to 8.8 m/s (Figure 8), which are lower than other regions where significant offshore wind development is currently being planned (Draxl et al 2015;Bodini et al 2021;Bodini et al 2023forthcoming). Lower average wind speeds pose challenges for wind plant economic viability because less kinetic energy is available in the wind, so additional steps must be taken in the turbine design to maximize wind plant performance.…”

“…The wind resource data used to establish the available potential energy for offshore wind in the Gulf of Mexico are the 2023 National Offshore Wind Dataset, or NOW-23 (Bodini et al 2021), that were produced using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) version 4.2.1 (Skamarock et al 2021) and validated against observations. NOW-23 is an update to the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit (Maclaurin et al 2014;Draxl et al 2015), which contains wind profile data from 2007 to 2013 on a 2×2-km grid.…”

A Systematic Literature Review on Data-Driven Residential and Industrial Energy Management Systems

“…load Steel industry energy consumption dataset [80] Ind. load EMSx: benchmark set with 70 industrial historical photovoltaic/load scenarios [91] EV EV charging, Norway, two years: user ID, plugin, plug out, charged kWh, duration [92] EV Lithium-ion battery aging dataset based on electric vehicle real-driving profiles [93] Wind Meteorological/power/forecast data from computer model for 2007-2013 [94] Wind Offshore wind resource data in the US at 5 min resolution [95] Solar Metadata and performance data from experimental PV generation sites [24] Solar Temperature, irradiation [96] Heat pump Heat pump generation [97] Technical Baseline report of cost/performance data for electricity generation/ storage Apart from the data collected, preprocessing is essential to improve the data quality for residential and industrial EMSs. Among the analyzed publications, only a few address data quality and specify the preprocessing methods used.…”

The 2023 National Offshore Wind data set (NOW-23)

“…The whole NOW-23 data set is publicly available at no cost through Amazon Web Services (AWS) at https://doi.org/10.25984/ 1821404 (Bodini et al, 2020). The data are stored as both HDF5 and WRG files.…”

“…Considerable information is lost when pivoting to a WRG from the HDF5 format. Specifically, all temporal information (e.g., seasonal and diurnal trends) and other relevant To further facilitate access to the NOW-23 data, Bodini et al (2020) also includes long-term data (in easily accessible .csv format) at the locations of the lidars used to validate the NOW-23 data set (locations in Figure 2).…”