Update on Seroprevalence of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibodies among Blood Donors in Northeast Mexico

Galaviz‐Silva, Lucio; Molina-Garza, Daniel P.; González-Santos, Mario A.; Mercado-Hernández, Roberto; Gonzalez-Galaviz, Jose Reyes; Rosales‐Encina, José Luis; Molina-Garza, Zinnia Judith

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.81.404

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Mexico, a seroprevalence of 1.6% was reported several years ago (Velasco-Castrejó n et al 1992). However, some communities and blood banks showed seroprevalence rates higher than previously reported (RangelFlores et al 2001, Galavíz-Silva et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Microsatellite and Mini-Exon Analysis of Mexican Human DTU ITrypanosoma cruziStrains and Their Susceptibility to Nifurtimox and Benznidazole

Martı́nez

Nogueda

Martínez‐Hernández

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and it affects as many as 10 million people in North and South America, where it represents a major public health problem. T. cruzi is a parasite with high genetic diversity, and it has been grouped into 6 discrete typing units (DTUs), designated as T. cruzi I (TcI) to T. cruzi VI (TcVI). Mexican isolates from humans and from vector insects have been primarily found to be TcI, and these isolates are likely to be the strains that cause the clinical manifestations observed in Mexico. However, genetic characterization and drug susceptibility assays are limited in Mexican TcI strains. In this work, 24 Mexican T. cruzi strains, obtained primarily from humans, were studied with 7 locus microsatellites and mini-exon gene by PCR. Also, drug susceptibility was evaluated by growth and mobility assays. All of the human strains belonged to TcI, and they could be further grouped through microsatellite analysis into 2 subgroups (microsatellite genotypes 1 and 2), which were not related to the host clinical status or biological origin of the strain. Two strains, both from wild mammals, belonged to the TcII-TcVI groups; these strains and the CL Brener strain constituted microsatellite genotype 3. The number of alleles in each locus was lower than reported for South American strains, and a departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The susceptibility of these strains to nifurtimox and benznidazole was heterogeneous. T. cruzi strains characterized as microsatellite genotypes 2 and 3 were significantly more susceptible to benznidazole than strains of microsatellite genotype 1. Only 1 Mexican strain resistant to both drugs was found in this study.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Microsatellite and Mini-Exon Analysis of Mexican Human DTU ITrypanosoma cruziStrains and Their Susceptibility to Nifurtimox and Benznidazole

Martı́nez

Nogueda

Martínez‐Hernández

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…While we found two additional studies conducted in non-endemic areas of Bolivia and Northern Mexico, they did not capture the migration history of the participants and therefore were excluded (Brutus et al, 2008; Galavíz-Silva et al, 2009). Given the potential risk of transmission from rural to peri-urban or urban areas, this dearth of data is concerning (Bayer et al, 2009; Pinazo and Gascon, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants

et al. 2016

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Human migration has been identified as a potential factor for increased Chagas disease risk and has transformed the disease from a Latin American problem to a global one. We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature between 2004–2014 in order to: summarize current seroprevalence estimates of Chagas disease among Latin American migrants, in both endemic and non-endemic settings; compare seroprevalence estimates in migrants to countrywide prevalence estimates; and identify risk factors for Chagas disease among migrants. A total of 320 studies were screened and 23 studies were included. We found evidence that the prevalence of Chagas disease is higher than expected in some migrant groups and that reliance on blood donor screening prevalence underestimates the burden of disease. Overall there is a dearth of high quality epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of Chagas in migrants, especially among intra-regional migrants within Latin America. Given that the disease cannot likely be eradicated, improved surveillance and reporting is vital to continuing control efforts. More accurate health surveillance of both Latin American migrants and the Chagas disease burden will help countries appropriately scale up their response to this chronic disease. Overall, improved estimates of Chagas disease among migrants would likely serve to highlight the real need for better screening, diagnostics, and treatment of individuals living with the disease.

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“…In the rural areas of Nuevo Leon (northeastern Mexico), there have been few reports of the prevalence of wild reservoirs and vectors of T. cruzi since 1947 [6,7]. An important update was recently released [8] on the seroprevalence of T. cruzi in blood donors, highlighting the migration of seropositive individuals from endemic to nonendemic states as a main cause of subsequent T. cruzi infection. However, the current prevalence of T. cruzi infection in northeastern Mexico (especially in rural areas) has not been fully documented, and the few existing reports that address this issue in Nuevo Leon are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with risk factors and electrocardiographic abnormalities in northeast Mexico

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAmerican trypanosomiasis is a major disease and public health issue, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The prevalence of T. cruzi has not been fully documented, and there are few reports of this issue in Nuevo Leon. The aim of this study was to update the seroprevalence rate of T. cruzi infection, including an epidemiological analysis of the risk factors associated with this infection and an electrocardiographic (ECG) evaluation of those infected.MethodsSera from 2,688 individuals from 10 municipalities in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an indirect hemagglutination assay. An ECG case–control study was performed in subjects seropositive for T. cruzi and the results were matched by sex and age to seronegative residents of the same localities. A univariate analysis with χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests was used to determine the association between seropositivity and age (years), sex, and ECG changes. A multivariate analysis was then performed to calculate the odd ratios between T. cruzi seropositivity and the risk factors.ResultsThe seropositive rate was 1.93% (52/2,688). In the ECG study, 22.85% (8/35) of the infected individuals exhibited ECG abnormalities. Triatoma gerstaeckeri was the only vector reported. The main risk factors were ceiling construction material (P ≤ 0.0024), domestic animals (P ≤ 0.0001), and living in rural municipalities (P ≤ 0.0025).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a 10-fold higher prevalence of Chagas disease than previously reported (0.2%), which implies a serious public health threat in northeastern Mexico. The epidemiological profile established in this study differs from that found in the rest of Mexico, where human populations live in close proximity to domiciliary triatomines.

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Update on Seroprevalence of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibodies among Blood Donors in Northeast Mexico

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Microsatellite and Mini-Exon Analysis of Mexican Human DTU ITrypanosoma cruziStrains and Their Susceptibility to Nifurtimox and Benznidazole

Microsatellite and Mini-Exon Analysis of Mexican Human DTU ITrypanosoma cruziStrains and Their Susceptibility to Nifurtimox and Benznidazole

A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants

Association of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with risk factors and electrocardiographic abnormalities in northeast Mexico

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