Update on the Management of Diabetic Dyslipidaemia

Abstract

Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) comprises a complex group of potentially atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, including both quantitative and qualitative changes. It is characterised by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and a higher prevalence of small, dense LDL particles, as well as elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased prevalence of lipid abnormalities and controlling dyslipidaemia in these patients has a big impact on morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle changes are still the pillar of treatment for DD and statins are the drugs of choice that decrease LDL-C and reduce cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death, either in primary or secondary prevention, in diabetic patients. Pitavastatin has a number of pleiotropic effects that reduce the metabolic changes associated with adiposity and improve glucose metabolism, which distinguishes it from other statins. New treatments, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, have proven to be powerful LDL-C-lowering agents; however, the need for long-term safety studies and the high associated costs are the main challenges. Future treatments, such as an intracellular PCSK9 inhibitor, a dual proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist, and bempedoic acid, are in development. The aim of this article is to review the pathophysiology of DD and discuss its role in cardiovascular event risk and treatment, as well as to study the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on glucose metabolism and the outcomes of antidiabetic treatment on dyslipidaemia.

Expert Opinion on the Prescription Practice of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India

“…The study found that the rates of CVD, all-cause mortality, and CV mortality were significantly higher among adults with diabetes in low-income countries as compared to middle-and high-income countries [8]. Individuals with diabetes have higher cardiovascular risk on comparison with individuals without diabetes [9]. Hence, our study the physicians mentioned risk reduction approach should be focused as a treatment strategy in the centre stage while treating individuals with diabetes.…”

Risk Determinants That Escalate Cardio Vascular Disorders

“…The consequence of high blood pressure on cardio vascular system actually is designated to stress created on vasculature walls, causing aneurisms and brain stroke. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are considered additive risk escalating factors for CVD (Martín-Timón et al, 2014).…”

Glucose-Induced Developmental Delay is Modulated by Insulin Signaling and Exacerbated in Subsequent Glucose-Fed Generations in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…T2DM is now twice as common in this age group as T1DM in some non-White racial and ethnic groups and has only recently been recognized as a pediatric disease in clinical settings (Perng et al 2023). Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and problems with insulin production or action, with the potential for developing cardiovascular diseases leading to heart attack and stroke (1985;Martin-Timon et al 2014). While diabetes is one of the major leading causes of death, cardiovascular disease is the main leading cause of death and disability worldwide (Heron 2021).…”