Update on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses — Worldwide, January 2017–June 2018

Jorba, Jaume; Diop, Ousmane M.; Iber, Jane; Henderson, Elizabeth; Zhao, Kun; Sutter, Roland W.; Wassilak, Steven G.F.; Burns, Cara C.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6742a5

Cited by 109 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, some investigations could favor distinguishing variants, such as for investigating the presence of vaccine-derived poliovirus, where a small number of SNPs may distinguish a vaccine-derived strain from a normal vaccine strain genome. 21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral variants are expected in biological samples, with the number of variants and the extent of the sequence divergence between variants related to the mutation rate of the virus and the types of specimens that are being investigated. For example, samples containing rapidly evolving RNA viruses, such as poliovirus, HIV, and HCV 7, 9, 18 , environmental samples, 19 and clinical samples from immunosuppressed individuals 20, 21 usually harbor many variants. The ability to accurately distinguish variants is imperative to inform treatments (in the case of HIV and HCV), or determine whether a subpopulation of a more virulent variant is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of variant interference on de novo assembly for viral deep sequencing

Castro

Marine

Ramos

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Viruses have high mutation rates and generally exist as a mixture of variants in biological samples. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has surpassed Sanger for generating long viral sequences, yet how variants affect NGS de novo assembly remains largely unexplored. Our results from >15,000 simulated experiments showed that presence of variants can turn an assembly of one genome into tens to thousands of contigs. This “variant interference” (VI) is highly consistent and reproducible by ten most used de novo assemblers, and occurs independent of genome length, read length, and GC content. The main driver of VI is pairwise identities between viral variants. These findings were further supported by in silico simulations, where selective removal of minor variant reads from clinical datasets allow the “rescue” of full viral genomes from fragmented contigs. These results call for careful interpretation of contigs and contig numbers from de novo assembly in viral deep sequencing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of variant interference on de novo assembly for viral deep sequencing

Castro

Marine

Ramos

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The oral polio vaccine, OPV, is the most successful mucosal vaccine to date [16]. Although the use of OPV has decreased the number of polio cases by more than 99% since 1988, there are still disease outbreaks of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) that arise due to small genetic changes occurring during OPV replication in humans [17,18]. Although the use of OPV has decreased the number of polio cases by more than 99% since 1988, there are still disease outbreaks of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) that arise due to small genetic changes occurring during OPV replication in humans [17,18].…”

Section: Human Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant drawback to using attenuated pathogen-based vaccines is the risk of reactogenicity and reversion to a virulent pathogen following vaccination, usually in immunocompromised infants, elderly people or in individuals with a specific immunodeficiency. Although the use of OPV has decreased the number of polio cases by more than 99% since 1988, there are still disease outbreaks of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) that arise due to small genetic changes occurring during OPV replication in humans [17,18]. Another concern for live attenuated vaccines is the possibility of retrograde transport to the brain after nasal or intranasal vaccination, as happened with a replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying three proteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that was found in the central nervous system of mice after intranasal delivery, which may have reached the brain via olfactory neurones [19].…”

Section: Human Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal vaccines and technology

Miquel-Clopés

Bentley

Stewart

et al. 2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

120

124

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Summary There is an urgent and unmet need to develop effective vaccines to reduce the global burden of infectious disease in both animals and humans, and in particular for the majority of pathogens that infect via mucosal sites. Here we summarise the impediments to developing mucosal vaccines and review the new and emerging technologies aimed at overcoming the lack of effective vaccine delivery systems that is the major obstacle to developing new mucosal vaccines.

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“…Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Among the three types of wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated in 2015 (1,2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%