Update to the Epa Guidelines for Water Reuse

Bastian, Robert K.; Ammerman, David K.; McCullen, Karen K.; Prieto, Lisa M.

doi:10.2175/193864703784755922

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…There are several reasons why wastewater has to be deliberated as an alternate to water resources. The first reason is preserving the high water quality for potable water [29]. Economically, the average charge of secondary treatment for local wastewater in MENA is USD 0.5 per cubic meter; that is more economy than the development of new resources in the region [11].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Method of Decentralized Multi-Purpose Reuse of Wastewater in Urban Area

et al. 2021

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The reuse of treated wastewater is attractive as a communal source of excess water source in water-scarce counties and nations. The expansion of the urban population and the increase in the coverage of water supply networks and sewage networks will raise the amount of municipal sewage. This can turn into a new-fangled water resource. In the current research, the new campus city was selected as the first case study to design a wastewater reuse and recycling system. Accordingly, one of the most important innovations in the proposed research is the unique applied dimensions, in addition to its first-time performance, and the application of the Geo-land method in wastewater recycling as the theoretical dimension of the design. Clustering the decentralized reuse of wastewater for urban areas showed that significant parts of residential areas are located in the first high priority group. Urban planners can consider the results in establishing a comprehensive plan to prioritize the decentralized use of wastewater in the urban area.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Method of Decentralized Multi-Purpose Reuse of Wastewater in Urban Area

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, reclaimed waters present numerous and varied uses in the world [17,28,[31][32][33]36]. The main uses of reclaimed waters in Spain are shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Uses Of Reclaimed Waters In Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In synthesis, this standard involves basic treatments of purification and good practices according with different levels of protection to avoid sanitary problems. Other reference regulations in the development of the normative framework in countries where this practice is carried out were the recommendations given by the United States Environmental Agency [36] and certain public policies conducted by the State of California. They fixed indicators and maximum values where the reclaim treatments, and therefore the quality of the effluent, are subjected to their final use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

Jódar-Abellán

López-Ortiz

Melgarejo

2019

Water

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The issues of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of great importance, especially in areas where the shortage of conventional resources is a structural problem, as it is in the case of Spain. Wastewater reuse is a valid mechanism to avoid problems derived from droughts and water scarcity. It allows access to water resources in areas with water restrictions and to prevent futures scenarios, due to it being expected that water consumption will double by 2050 over the world. Thus, the likelihood that this unconventional, strategic resource would become scarce is unquestionable, particularly in cases where water planning and exploitation systems prioritize the preservation, protection, and improvement of water quality, as well as the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. This paper shows how wastewater treatment and reuse are linked, as the reuse of wastewater is associated with a previous regeneration, and both of them are essential tools for maximizing environmental outcomes, as called for in the European Union Directives.

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“…One of the main aspects that explain the relatively high financial cost of wastewater reuse is the high energy cost, which makes the activity vulnerable to fluctuations in energy prices [24][25][26]. However, despite the drawbacks, given the increasing pressure on water bodies and climate change, it is essential to develop this activity in an efficient way that allows us to protect the water environment while meeting the needs of the population [27]. This requires an appropriate design and planning process to mitigate the externalities that may arise from the development of the activity [21,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Wastewater Reuse and the Role of Economic Valuation in the Pursuit of Sustainability: The Case of the Canal de Isabel II

Villar

García‐López²

2023

Sustainability

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Wastewater reuse is an activity that reduces pollution from discharges while increasing the available water resources. However, the high financial costs of this activity affect the viability of projects, either because of low water productivity or because of the presence of a cheaper alternative, such as natural water sources. The existence of environmental or social benefits makes reuse a positive option for society for its environmental and social benefits. This leaves the public sector to decide whether the benefit obtained justifies its participation in the development of reuse programs, for which it is necessary to use a tool such as cost-benefit analysis, which combines diverse costs and benefits. This article studies the potential for water reuse in Spain and the importance of informed decision-making, based on information regarding water stress, wastewater reuse, and the case study of the Canal de Isabel II (Madrid). The results confirm the potential of wastewater reuse; agriculture has a water productivity below EUR 1 per cubic meter and industry and services need their own sources of water, but financial constraints prevent the greater use of reclaimed water in all economic sectors and public intervention is necessary to obtain the optimum scenario for society. The case study from Madrid that we have analyzed in this paper shows the importance of considering all factors, since the results of prioritizing the financial criterion would have been detrimental to society, in the form of EUR 200 million in environmental damage, while EUR 740 million of non-financial benefits would make wastewater reuse an advantageous alternative for society, thus justifying the public investment.

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Update to the Epa Guidelines for Water Reuse

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancing the Method of Decentralized Multi-Purpose Reuse of Wastewater in Urban Area

Enhancing the Method of Decentralized Multi-Purpose Reuse of Wastewater in Urban Area

Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

The Potential of Wastewater Reuse and the Role of Economic Valuation in the Pursuit of Sustainability: The Case of the Canal de Isabel II

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