Update to the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism

Sun, Xiaohui; Xue, Li; Wang, Zechen; Xie, Anmu

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.878239

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…Also, decreased abundance of Barnesiella has been previously associated with age-related cognitive decline in mice 66 . Finally, the relative abundance of Barnesiella was shown to correlate with cognitive ability in patients with Parkinson's disease 67,68 , and differentially abundant in mice after induced traumatic brain injury 69 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with decreased abundance of gut Barnesiella intestinihominis bacterium in the Framingham Heart Study

Fongang,

Satizabal,

Kautz

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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A bidirectional communication exists between the brain and the gut, in which the gut microbiota influences cognitive function and vice-versa. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the relationship between gut dysbiosis and markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), a major contributor to ADRD, is unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the connection between the gut microbiome, cognitive, and neuroimaging markers of cSVD in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Markers of cSVD included white matter hyperintensities (WMH), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), and executive function (EF), estimated as the difference between the trail-making tests B and A. We included 972 FHS participants with MRI scans, neurocognitive measures, and stool samples and quantified the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. We used multivariable association and differential abundance analyses adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and education level to estimate the association between gut microbiota and WMH, PSMD, and EF measures. Our results suggest an increased abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Ruminococcus genera was associated with lower WMH and PSMD (p values < 0.001), as well as better executive function (p values < 0.01). In addition, in both differential and multivariable analyses, we found that the gram-negative bacterium Barnesiella intestinihominis was strongly associated with markers indicating a higher cSVD burden. Finally, functional analyses using PICRUSt implicated various KEGG pathways, including microbial quorum sensing, AMP/GMP-activated protein kinase, phenylpyruvate, and β-hydroxybutyrate production previously associated with cognitive performance and dementia. Our study provides important insights into the association between the gut microbiome and cSVD, but further studies are needed to replicate the findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with decreased abundance of gut Barnesiella intestinihominis bacterium in the Framingham Heart Study

Fongang,

Satizabal,

Kautz

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Ongoing studies aim to deepen our understanding of the interactions within the microbiome–gut–brain axis, particularly exploring mechanisms between the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system [ 122 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 ]. Future research should focus on more precise analyses and explorations of the composition of gut microbiota, identifying which strains are dominantly associated with conditions such as anxiety, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and other psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ]. Areas that remain less explored, such as the various negative associations of different bacterial strains, including inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disorders or postpartum depression, require further investigation for a deeper understanding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Fekete,

Lehoczki,

Major

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual’s unique health circumstances and needs.

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“…Therefore, the gut microbiota is essential for the pathological progress of PD. Analyzing the composition of gut microbiota in PD patients, many studies have demonstrated a decrease in SCFAs-producing bacteria and an increase in proinflammatory bacteria [ 58 , 59 ]. Interestingly, SCFAs can also affect the composition and structure of gut microbiota by modifying intestinal pH, mucosal permeability, mucin synthesis, and intestinal immunity.…”

Section: Scfas and Pd Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic

Duan,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Neurosci. Bull.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the development of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms. Future research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation, as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.

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Update to the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism

Cited by 12 publications

References 219 publications

Cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with decreased abundance of gut Barnesiella intestinihominis bacterium in the Framingham Heart Study

Cerebral small vessel disease burden is associated with decreased abundance of gut Barnesiella intestinihominis bacterium in the Framingham Heart Study

Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic

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