Updated Canadian Headache Society Migraine Prevention Guideline with Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: We have updated the migraine prevention guideline of the Canadian Headache Society from 2012, as there are new therapies available, and additionally, we have provided guidelines for the prevention of chronic migraine, which was not addressed in the previous iteration. Methods: We undertook a systematic review to identify new studies since the last guideline. For studies identified, we performed data extraction and subsequent meta-analyses where possible. We composed a summary of the evidence found and undertook a modified Delphi recommendation process. We provide recommendations for treatments identified and additionally expert guidance on the use of the treatments available in important clinical situations. Results: We identified 61 studies that were included in this evidence update and identified 16 therapies we focused on. The anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) agents were approved by Health Canada between 2018 and 2024 and provide additional options for episodic and chronic migraine prevention. We also summarize evidence for the use of propranolol, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA in addition to anti-CGRP agents as treatments for chronic migraine. We have downgraded topiramate to a weak recommendation for use and gabapentin to a weak recommendation against its use in episodic migraine. We have weakly recommended the use of memantine, levetiracetam, enalapril and melatonin in episodic migraine. Conclusion: Based on the evidence synthesis, we provide updated recommendations for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine utilizing treatments available in Canada. We additionally provided expert guidance on their use in clinical situations.