Updated epidemiologic study of urolithiasis in Turkey. I: Changing characteristics of urolithiasis

Abstract

The worldwide prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of urolithiasis appear to have changed in the last decade. This study aims to update the current understanding of the disease in Turkey. A representative sample, totalling 2,468 participants between 18 and 70 years of age from 33 Turkish provinces, was enrolled in this cross-sectional study conducted with a professional market investigation company. Participants were evaluated with face-to-face interviews by medical students using a standard questionnaire. Of the 2,468 participants, 274 (11.1%) reported a history of urinary stone disease diagnosed by a physician and an additional 52 (2.1%) had at least one lifetime episode of colic pain. The annual incidence of urolithiasis in 2008 was 1.7%. The male:female ratio was 1:1 in participants with urolithiasis. A family history of urolithiasis was found in 28.5% of the first-degree relatives of the stone formers, compared to 4.4% of the first-degree relatives of the stone-free participants (p = 0.01). Compared to other ethnic groups, the population of Turkish origin had a statistically significant decreased risk of urolithiasis (p = 0.006). Though not statistically significant (p > 0.05), urolithiasis showed a trend toward a geographical distribution within the country, in which southeastern Anatolia and the Aegean regions had higher frequencies compared to the Black Sea, and central Anatolian and eastern Anatolian regions. Urinary stone disease is a severe problem in Turkey, with high prevalence and incidence rates, which differ significantly between ethnic groups. Moreover, current findings demonstrate a demographic shift, with an increased prevalence of stone disease in female subjects.

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“…2 Çocukluk çağında taş hastalığı ilgili az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bazı çalışmalarda çocuklarda taş hastalığı %1-3 olarak gözlenmiştir.…”

“…Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde, bir insanın hayatı boyunca herhangi bir döneminde taş hastalığı ile karşılaşma ihtimalinin %10 ile %15 arasında olduğu bildirilmektedir. 1 Ülkemizde ise Müslümanoğlu ve arkadaşlarının 2 …”

“…Aynı çalışmada taş hastalığı prevalansının Güney Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde daha fazla olduğu da gözükmektedir. 2 Çocuklarda gözlenen üriner sistem taş hastalığı (ÜSTH), hayatın ileriki dönemlerinde tekrarlama riski olduğundan dolayı, ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bundan dolayıdır ki ÜSTH'nın tedavisinde gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte artık daha çok minimal invaziv yöntemler kullanılmaktadır.…”

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“…The lifetime prevalence of KS is increasing in the United States (22) and the prevalence is found to be 11.1% in Turkey (23); it varies between 2% and 20% worldwide (3). KS has been associated with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (24)(25)(26).…”

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“…Üriner sistem taş hastalıklarının görülme sıklığı %12 ile %15 arasında değişmekte olup, ülkemizde yapılan çok merkezli bir çalışmada %14.8 olarak rapor edilmiştir (2). Bu oran pediatrik popülasyonda daha düşük olmakla beraber yaklaşık %2-3 civarındadır (3,4).…”