Updated reliability and normative values for the standing heel-rise test in healthy adults

Hébert‐Losier, Kim; Wessman, Catrin; Alricsson, Marie; Svantesson, Ulla

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2017.03.002

Cited by 71 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Jarnlo & Nordell used it in a methodological study on a balance performance test on elderly people and Mosallanezhad et al when comparing physical activity and physical functioning in 75‐year‐old‐Swedish and Iranian persons. Lindskov et al used it on patients with Parkinson's disease and Hébert‐Losier et al to describe their participants as for their analysis in a study on the heel‐rise test in healthy adults. A Norwegian study included the scale in a study on fear‐avoidance beliefs and pain in 60 to 86‐year‐old patients with leg ulcers .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of a six‐level scale for physical activity

Grimby

Frändin

2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The 4-level questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity (PA) originally described by Saltin and Grimby has been extended to a 6 (or 7)-level questionnaire, especially for the elderly or other persons with a low level of PA, expanded to include household activities. There are currently two main versions, one used in Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian studies, and one with further modifications used in Finnish studies. In this review, predictive validity for mortality and different aspects of physical performance are demonstrated. In a study regarding concurrent validity in one of the Finnish versions, significant correlations with accelerometer-based PA variables are shown. The scale has been used in a number of studies concerning effects of different types of intervention, such as physical training and increased PA, or to describe the PA level in the studied cohort. In presenting and analyzing the data, different combinations of PA levels have been used. As there are major differences between the versions, validity studies cannot easily be transformed between them. Thus, it is suggested that a common consensus be reached with respect to details of the questionnaire.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of a six‐level scale for physical activity

Grimby

Frändin

2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The PENS is always used with the therapeutic aim of relieving chronic pain and neuropathic pain, improving cervical ROM or improving muscular activity in the sport . Khan et al suggested that improving muscular strength may be a way to prevent these injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of One-Shot Electrical Stimulation on Performance of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle in Professional Dancers: Percutaneous Versus Transcutaneous?

De-la-Cruz-Torres

Barrera‐García‐Martín

Romero‐Morales

2020

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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“…The test also shows "excellent" reliability for pediatric patients aged 6 years and older. [70][71][72][73][74]…”

Section: Heel Rise Test: Diagnostic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

Stasio¹,

Montanelli²

2020

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Background: To date, scientific literature has not as yet come up with any review showing the diagnostic tests used for functional assessment of the foot and leg. Methods: A literature review was conducted of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, DOAJ, BioMed Central, PLOS, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York) up to December 8, 2018. The biomechanical tests, which have adequate supportive literature, were divided into qualitative tests that provide a dichotomy/trichotomy-type answer to clinical diagnostic questions; semiquantitative tests that provide numerical data to clinical diagnostic questions; and quantitative tests that record continuous numerical data (in analogue or digital form). Results: These tests produce a useful functional evaluation model of the foot and leg for different purposes: evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in healthy patients and in athletes (in sports or other physical activities); assessment of tissue stress syndromes caused by pathomechanics; evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in rheumatic disease and diabetic foot patients; and to determine the appropriate functional or semifunctional foot orthotic therapy and therapeutic path used in gait rehabilitation. Conclusions: Many of these tests have adequate diagnostic reliability and reproducibility and therefore can be considered diagnostic. Few of these are validated, and some have initiated the validation process by determining their sensitivity and specificity. The widespread use of these tools in clinical practice (diagnosis of function) lacks scientific evidence and in-depth analysis of their limitations.dichotomy / trichotomy type answer to clinical-diagnostic questions; Semi-quantitative tests that provide numerical data to clinical-diagnostic questions; Quantitative tests that record continuous numerical data (in analogue or digital form). These tests produce a useful functional evaluation model of the foot and leg for different purposes: • evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in healthy patients and in athletes (in sports or other physical activities); • assessment of tissue stress syndromes caused by pathomechanics; • evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in rheumatic disease and diabetic foot patients; • determine the appropriate functional or semi-functional foot orthotic therapy and therapeutic path used in gait rehabilitation. Many of these tests have adequate diagnostic reliability and reproducibility, therefore, these can be considered diagnostic. Few of these are validated and some have initiated the validation process by determining their sensitivity and specificity. The widespread employment of these tools in clinical practice (diagnosis of function) lack scientific evidence and in depth analysis of their limitations.

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Updated reliability and normative values for the standing heel-rise test in healthy adults

Abstract: The heel-rise test is highly reliable. The regression models herein can be employed by clinicians to evaluate the outcomes of heel-rise tests of individuals against a comparable normative population.

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

On the use of a six‐level scale for physical activity

On the use of a six‐level scale for physical activity

Comparative Effects of One-Shot Electrical Stimulation on Performance of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle in Professional Dancers: Percutaneous Versus Transcutaneous?

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

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