Updated Review on<i>Nocardia</i>Species: 2006–2021

Traxler, Rita M.; Bell, Melissa; Lasker, Brent A.; Headd, Brendan; Shieh, Wun‐Ju; McQuiston, John R.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00027-21

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 293 publications

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“…Additionally, Nocardia may be related to specific activities and exposures, most notably outdoor activities such as gardening. 34 Another consideration is possible differences in risk between those who did and did not undergo transplantation, leading to selection bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection

Yetmar

Chesdachai

Khodadadi

et al. 2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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BackgroundSpecific pretransplant infections have been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, the impact of pretransplant Nocardia isolation has not been studied.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study from three centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota of patients with Nocardia infection or colonization who subsequently underwent solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from November 2011 through April 2022. Outcomes included posttransplant Nocardia infection and mortality.ResultsNine patients with pretransplant Nocardia were included. Two patients were deemed colonized with Nocardia, and the remaining seven had nocardiosis. These patients underwent bilateral lung (N = 5), heart (N = 1), heart‐kidney (N = 1), liver‐kidney (N = 1), and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (N = 1) at a median of 283 (interquartile range [IQR] 152–283) days after Nocardia isolation. Two (22.2%) patients had disseminated infection, and two were receiving active Nocardia treatment at the time of transplantation. One Nocardia isolate was resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) and all patients received TMP‐SMX prophylaxis posttransplant, often for extended durations. No patients developed posttransplant nocardiosis during a median follow‐up of 1.96 (IQR 0.90–6.33) years. Two patients died during follow‐up, both without evidence of nocardiosis.ConclusionsThis study did not identify any episodes of posttransplant nocardiosis among nine patients with pretransplant Nocardia isolation. As patients with the most severe infections may have been denied transplantation, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better analyze any impact of pretransplant Nocardia on posttransplant outcomes. However, among patients who receive posttransplant TMP‐SMX prophylaxis, these data suggest pretransplant Nocardia isolation may not impart a heightened risk of posttransplant nocardiosis. image

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection

Yetmar

Chesdachai

Khodadadi

et al. 2023

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…This organism appears to be a more virulent species and shows a high degree of resistance to various antibiotics [6]. Several reports indicated that N. farcinica commonly infects the respiratory tract, it can also spread through the bloodstream, leading to bacteremia, and infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and soft tissue, which greatly increases morbidity and mortality [7,8]. Furthermore, N. farcinica infection has non-speci c clinical manifestations and is often neglected in the clinical laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of the human pathogen Nocardia farcinca

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Nocardia farcinica, one of the most common etiological pathogens of nocardiosis in pulmonary infection, usually causes severe disseminated diseases in immunocompromised individuals. To date, there is a lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools for the detection of N. farcinica in clinical laboratories. In the present study, we reported the development of rapidity, simplicity, and high specificity real-time fluorescence recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay for the detection of N. farcinica. RT-RAA technique was developed to amplify the specific gene of pbr1 and detected double labeled amplicons within 20 min by designing a specific labeled primer set and the corresponding probe. We identified 86 strains of N. farcinica and 46 closely related strains, analyzed the specificity of the developed assay, and estimated the clinical diagnostic efficacy of the method with simulated sputum samples. The results showed no cross-reaction was observed and specificity was 100%. The limit of detection of RT-RAA was 10 copies per reaction of Nocardia genomic DNA, which was up to 10 times higher sensitivity than conventional real-time quantitative PCR. In conclusion, the recombinase-mediated isothermal amplification technique is a fast, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of N. farcinica, which may have potential application for the detection of N. farcinica in clinical laboratories, especially in resource-poor areas.

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“…1,2 Despite their reputation as opportunists, recent studies have shown that one-third of all nocardiosis cases occur in immunocompetent patients. 2 Nocardia are ubiquitous environmental bacteria and are closely related to other well-known soil bacteria, such as Streptomyces. While streptomycetes are known for their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), with >8400 known compounds in the Dictionary of Natural Products, 3 Nocardia have been relatively understudied by comparison, with only 380 known compounds.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Nocardia comprises a group of opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. These organisms can cause severe invasive and metastatic disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, and can require up to 12 months of antibiotic treatment. , Despite their reputation as opportunists, recent studies have shown that one-third of all nocardiosis cases occur in immunocompetent patients Nocardia are ubiquitous environmental bacteria and are closely related to other well-known soil bacteria, such as Streptomyces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Biosynthesis of the Cytotoxic Polyene Terpenomycin in Human Pathogenic Nocardia

Herisse,

Ishida,

Staiger-Creed

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Biol.

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Nocardia are opportunistic human pathogens that can cause a range of debilitating and difficult to treat infections of the lungs, brain, skin, and soft tissues. Despite their close relationship to the well-known secondary metabolite-producing genus, Streptomyces, comparatively few natural products are known from the Nocardia, and even less is known about their involvement in the pathogenesis. Here, we combine chemistry, genomics, and molecular microbiology to reveal the production of terpenomycin, a new cytotoxic and antifungal polyene from a human pathogenic Nocardia terpenica isolate. We unveil the polyketide synthase (PKS) responsible for terpenomycin biosynthesis and show that it combines several unusual features, including "split", skipped, and iteratively used modules, and the use of the unusual extender unit methoxymalonate as a starter unit. To link genes to molecules, we constructed a transposon mutant library in N. terpenica, identifying a terpenomycin-null mutant with an inactivated terpenomycin PKS. Our findings show that the neglected actinomycetes have an unappreciated capacity for the production of bioactive molecules with unique biosynthetic pathways waiting to be uncovered and highlights these organisms as producers of diverse natural products.

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Updated Review onNocardiaSpecies: 2006–2021

Abstract: This review serves as an update to the previous Nocardia review by Brown-Elliott et al. published in 2006 (B. A.

Cited by 59 publications

References 293 publications

Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection

Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection

Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of the human pathogen Nocardia farcinca

Discovery and Biosynthesis of the Cytotoxic Polyene Terpenomycin in Human Pathogenic Nocardia

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