Updates in Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Maddineni, Sainiteesh; Ahmad, Iram

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2022.07.010

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…12 In addition, the high incidence of otitis media seen in children has also been shown to be related to a functional obstruction of the auditory tube and decrease of ventilation and drainage of the middle ear. 13,14 Complications in the current study were only observed in case 1. This cat developed Horner's syndrome after removing polypous tissue from both the left external ear canal and the left auditory tube opening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Rigid normograde rhinoscopy-assisted traction-avulsion removal of small middle ear polyps from the auditory tube in five cats

Oorsprong,

ter Haar

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Case series summary This study aims to describe a novel minimally invasive technique for the removal of small middle ear polyps from the auditory tube openings in cats. Five cats with clinical signs of otitis externa and/or otitis media, and/or upper respiratory tract inflammation were included. All cats underwent pharyngolaryngoscopy under anaesthesia, CT scan of the head, neck and thoracic cavity, video-otoscopic examination, retrograde nasopharyngoscopy and normograde rhinoscopy. The five cats described in this study were all found to have significant respiratory tract inflammation (rhinitis, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, otitis media) with small polypous protrusions from the auditory tube openings. A normograde rhinoscopy-assisted traction-avulsion (RATA) removal of these small polyps was performed in all cases without complications. The rostral nasopharynx was visualised by a unilaterally normograde advanced rigid endoscope passing the choana, and polyps were removed using a grasping forceps introduced in the contralateral nostril. Telephone follow-up revealed clear improvement in all cases. One of the cases was re-evaluated with a CT scan and endoscopy 4 weeks after treatment. The CT scan showed a significant improvement with no abnormalities in both external ear canals and air opacity in both tympanic bullae. Video-endoscopic examination revealed intact tympanic membranes with mild chronic abnormalities and patent auditory tube openings upon normograde rhinoscopy. Relevance and novel information Rigid normograde RATA is a novel, minimally invasive and effective technique for the removal of small middle ear polyps from auditory tube openings in cats with otitis media.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid normograde rhinoscopy-assisted traction-avulsion removal of small middle ear polyps from the auditory tube in five cats

Oorsprong,

ter Haar

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…ET performs three primary functions: (1) pressure equalization and ventilation of the middle ear; (2) mucociliary clearance of secretions from the middle ear, and (3) protection of the middle ear from sounds and pathogens or secretions from the nasopharynx. 1 Obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD) is the predominant cause of otitis media with effusion in children and adults, 2 , 3 associated with complex anatomy and pathophysiological mechanism of the ET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of OETD was complicated, and some had either short‐lived or modest efficacy in refractory OETD after medical interventions and tympanostomy tube (TT) placement. 3 , 4 Recent studies have revealed that balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) is an effective method for treating chronic OETD in adults and children by dilating the cartilage segment of the ET to restore its ventilatory function. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 However, due to the angular and length changes of the cartilage and bony segments of ET in space with age, the potential risks lie in inaccurate evaluation the difference in the dimension and position of ET between children and adults in BDET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 , 4 Recent studies have revealed that balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) is an effective method for treating chronic OETD in adults and children by dilating the cartilage segment of the ET to restore its ventilatory function. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 However, due to the angular and length changes of the cartilage and bony segments of ET in space with age, the potential risks lie in inaccurate evaluation the difference in the dimension and position of ET between children and adults in BDET. It was reported the possible injury to the adjacent middle or inner ear and the carotid artery presents with bleeding, hearing loss and patulous Eustachian tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐related morphological change in bony segment and cartilage segment of Eustachian tube

Hong,

Dai,

Sun

et al. 2024

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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BackgroundEustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is the predominant cause of otitis media with effusion in children and adults. Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) provides a new method for restoring the ventilatory function of Eustachian tube (ET). However, the differences in age‐related morphological changes in the dimensions and positions of ET in children and adults are unclear.PurposeThis study aimed to examine age‐related morphological changes in bony and cartilage segments of the ET in a three‐dimensional space in normal population.MethodsA total of 71 randomly selected computed tomography (CT) images of the temporal bones of 46 people were retrospectively studied in four age groups: A (0–3 years old); B (4–8 years old), C (9–18 years old), and D (19–65 years old). Space analytic geometry was assessed to calculate the dimensions and positions of ET.ResultsThe bony segment of ET lengthened from infancy to adulthood with age in groups A, B and C (r = 0.562**/0.000). The cartilage segment of ET mostly extended with age from infancy to 8 years old in children (r = 0.633**/0.000), but with bending close to the sagittal plane and away from the horizontal plane with age in groups A, B and C (P < .05), and with a constant angle to the coronal plane among the four groups (P > .05).ConclusionThe bony and cartilaginous segments of ET exhibit distinct morphological changes in space with age. The bony segment of ET extends in a constant position from infancy to adulthood. In contrast, the cartilaginous segment of the ET indicates multidimensional positional changes until adulthood, in addition to the elongation from infancy to children. This may provide an accurate morphological basis for comparing the differences in ETD pathogenesis and surgical treatment between children and adults.

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Smoking Pack Years and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Sharma,

MacDowell,

Punjabi

et al. 2024

OTO Open

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ObjectiveTo determine the effect of smoking history on the risk of developing obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD).Study DesignCross‐sectional review.SettingNational database.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to present) was analyzed. OETD was defined as middle ear pressure less than −100 decapascals (daPa). Nonsmokers, current smokers, with tympanometry data were analyzed. Patients under the age of 18, with myringotomy tubes, or with a sinus problem/earache/cold in the past 24 hours were excluded. The relative risks (RRs) for developing OETD were calculated for nonsmokers versus smokers and those with greater versus less than 10, 20, and 30 pack years (py).ResultsA total of 9472 patients met inclusion criteria (54.1% female, 75.9% non‐Hispanic, mean age 43, 20.3% smokers). The RR of having OETD for smokers versus nonsmokers was 1.75 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45‐2.11]. The RR of having OETD for patients with a 10+ py was 1.97 [95% CI 1.57‐2.47], 20+ py was 2.29 [95% CI 1.76‐2.95], and 30 py or greater was 2.08 [95% CI 1.49‐2.90].ConclusionIn this study, smoking roughly doubled the risk of developing OETD, as represented by a single measurement of negative middle ear pressure less than −100 daPa. The definition of OETD used in this study was limited, as it did not include symptomology, and more work is needed to examine additional covariates. However, these results may guide future research to better counsel and screen patients for OETD.

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Updates in Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Rigid normograde rhinoscopy-assisted traction-avulsion removal of small middle ear polyps from the auditory tube in five cats

Rigid normograde rhinoscopy-assisted traction-avulsion removal of small middle ear polyps from the auditory tube in five cats

Age‐related morphological change in bony segment and cartilage segment of Eustachian tube

Smoking Pack Years and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

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