Updates of pathologic myopia

Ohno‐Matsui, Kyoko; Lai, Timothy Y. Y.; Lai, Chi-Chun; Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001

Cited by 438 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 331 publications

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“…13 Mechanical stretching of the retina by axial elongation and choroidal ischemia are the most likely mechanisms for MMD, but the relative importance and contribution of each process has not been previously studied. In this study, we assessed these mechanisms, using ST as a biomarker for mechanical stretching and CT for choroidal vascularity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 However, the exact mechanisms that lead to the development of the macular and retinal changes in MMD are currently unknown. 13 A widely accepted view is the ''mechanical'' theory of MMD in which axial elongation of the globe causes mechanical stretching of the retina that leads to decreased photoreceptor density and the ultimate development of pathologic features such as lacquer cracks and chorioretinal atrophy seen in MMD. 14,15 The sclera plays a pivotal role in myopia development.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Wong

Phua

Lee

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Wong CW, Phua V, Lee SY, Wong TY, Cheung CMG. Is choroidal or scleral thickness related to myopic macular degeneration? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:907-913. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-20742 PURPOSE. The relative contribution of mechanical and vascular factors to the pathogenesis of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) is unclear. To address this gap, we examined the association of choroidal thickness (CT) and scleral thickness (ST) with MMD.METHODS. Prospective, clinic-based case series of 62 eyes of 41 patients with high myopia ( À6 diopters or axial length ‡26.5 mm). Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) was performed to measure subfoveal CT and ST. Myopic macular degeneration was graded from fundus photographs according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification. Presence of MMD was defined as META-PM category ‡ 2 and severe MMD was defined as category ‡ 3.RESULTS. The distribution of MMD severity was 15 (24.2%) in category 1, 28 (45.2%) in category 2, 10 (16.1%) in category 3, and 9 (14.5%) in category 4. Correlation of MMD severity was strong for subfoveal CT (r ¼ À0.70, P < 0.001) but weak for subfoveal ST (r ¼ À0.31, P ¼ 0.01). Subfoveal CT, but not ST, was independently associated with presence of MMD (age and gender adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 10 lm decrease in CT 1.41, P ¼ 0.002), and subfoveal CT, but not subfoveal ST, was significantly thinner in eyes with severe MMD ( ‡ category 3) than in eyes with mild MMD (CT: 31.5 6 40.5 lm versus 82.0 6 57.1 lm, P < 0.001; ST: 261.6 6 78.5 lm versus 297.0 6 73.8 lm, P ¼ 0.09). CONCLUSIONS.We demonstrated significant thinning of the choroid with increasing MMD severity. In contrast, ST was weakly correlated with MMD. These data suggest progressive loss of choroid may be important in the pathogenesis of MMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Wong

Phua

Lee

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] ''Pathologic myopia'' has been characterized by specific myopia-related complications occurring in the posterior fundus, such as myopic maculopathy or posterior staphyloma. [7][8][9][10] In East Asian populations, the prevalence of high myopia, parallel to the increase in the prevalence of myopia in general, has markedly increased in the last 50 years. [11][12][13][14] To cite an example, Morgan and colleagues 13 in their recent review article noted the trend that a higher frequency of myopia increases the prevalence of high myopia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has remained unclear so far whether an increased prevalence of ''high myopia'' will eventually cause an increased prevalence of ''pathologic myopia (which is defined by the presence of its specific complications in the posterior fundus). 9,15 In a recent longitudinal study on 35 eyes of adult patients with signs of myopic maculopathy, who were aged 37.0 6 5.1 years (range, 33-42 years), 29 of the 35 eyes (83%) showed a parapapillary diffuse choroidal atrophy (PDCA) at the initial visit (age 10.5 6 2.6 years; range, 5-15 years), with a mean axial length of 27.8 6 1.2 mm (range, 25.5-29.7 mm). 16 Results indicated that PDCA was confined to the area temporal to the optic nerve head outside of the parapapillary alpha, beta, gamma, or delta zones.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parapapillary Diffuse Choroidal Atrophy in Children Is Associated With Extreme Thinning of Parapapillary Choroid

Yokoi

Zhu

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The incidence of myopia in elementary schoolchildren with aged 10-11 years is 55.53% in Taiwan (Chang, Wu, Niu, Chen, & Liao, 2016). The younger that children suffer from myopia, the faster their eyes deteriorate (Cruickshank, Logan, & Parulekar, 2015;Ohno-Matsui, Lai, Lai, & Cheung, 2016). Poor vision among schoolchildren has been a persistent main health issue considered by Taiwan's education and health authorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation for the Children Health Promotion Scale: Development and Psychometric Testing

Chen

Chou

2017

GJHS

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Background: Several investigators have developed health promoting lifestyle instruments for adult population. However, few instruments in Taiwan have focused on health-promoting lifestyle measurements from the perspective of children. Methods:The Children Health Promotion scale (CHP) was developed to focus on health promotion among children. The content validity was supported on the observations of a 6-member panel of experts. Here, based on the responses of 681 Taiwanese children, we examined the construct validity and reliability of the CHP as well as its psychometric properties through factor analysis and reliability measures. Results:The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests indicated that our sample fulfilled the factor analysis criteria. Moreover, the factor analysis yielded a 6-factor instrument, explaining 52.5% of variance in all 32 items; the 6 factors were myopia prevention, stress management, health maintenance behaviors, nutritional behaviors, physical activities, and basic health-promoting behaviors. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.92 and alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.85. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the CHP has satisfactory construct validity and reliability for Taiwanese children. School health providers can therefore use the CHP for children's health promotion efforts.

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Updates of pathologic myopia

Cited by 438 publications

References 331 publications

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Parapapillary Diffuse Choroidal Atrophy in Children Is Associated With Extreme Thinning of Parapapillary Choroid

Validation for the Children Health Promotion Scale: Development and Psychometric Testing

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