Updates on toxicology of Aluminum Phosphide and different management protocols

Abstract

Background: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a poisonous chemical used to fumigate stored grains. Despite its severe toxicity, there is no antidote and only supportive measures are used. Aluminum phosphide causes mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. We want to clarify incidence of ALP-toxicity in Egypt and globally, its consequences on various organs, and therapy options. The medical community must be informed of the increased risk of ALPtoxicity and the additional consequences seen in new patients. We examined PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to search for all ALP-toxicity consequences and decide the bes t option to be taken in acute AIP-toxicity and its sequelae. Conclusion: The growing market availability of AIP makes it an easy option for self-harm or perhaps murder. Due to the absence of a precise antidote, affected people die quickly. It's important for the medical staff to be aware of the increasing danger of ALP-toxicity and the new complications observed in the new cases.

Evaluation of blood cortisol and lactate levels as outcome predictors in acute Aluminum phosphide poisoned patients

“…The current study is in agreement with several studies, as the oral route was the main route of intoxication in ALP intoxicated patients (Gurjar et al, 2011;Fyala et al, 2020 andAbd-Allah et al, 2022). On the contrary Alnasser et al, 2018 mentioned that in Saudi Arabia, the most common cause of ALP intoxication was accidentally by inhalation when it was used in fumigation and most of the intoxication had happened in young children.…”

Toxicoepidemiology of Phosphide Poisoning in the Central Part of Iran

“…The major lethal consequence of phosphide ingestion, profound circulatory collapse, is secondary to factors including direct effects on cardiac myocytes, fluid loss, and adrenal gland damage. [ 16 17 ]…”