Updates to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans guidelines

Neelamegham, Sriram; Aoki‐Kinoshita, Kiyoko F.; Bolton, Evan; Frank, Martin; Lisacek, Frédérique; Lütteke, Thomas; O’Boyle, Noel M.; Packer, Nicolle H.; Stanley, Pamela; Toukach, Filip V.; Varki, Ajit; Woods, Robert J.; Darvill, Alan G.; Dell, Anne; Henrissat, Bernard; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Hart, Gerald W.; Narimatsu, Hisashi; Freeze, Hudson H.; Yamada, Issaku; Paulson, James C.; Prestegard, James J.; Marth, Jamey D.; Vliegenthart, Johannes F.G.; Etzler, Marilynn E.; Aebi, Markus; Kanehisa, Minoru; Taniguchi, Naoyuki; Edwards, Nathan; Rudd, Pauline M.; Seeberger, Peter H.; Mazumder, Raja; Ranzinger, René; Cummings, Richard D.; Schnaar, Ronald L.; Pérez, Serge; Kornfeld, Stuart; Kinoshita, Taroh; York, William S.; Knirel, Yuriy A.

doi:10.1093/glycob/cwz045

Cited by 366 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In P. aeruginosa, the core oligosaccharide is heavily phosphorylated and composed of Kdo, heptose, galactosamine, glucose, and rhamnose ( Figure 2). The negative charges The structure is adapted from several studies [12][13][14][15][16][17] and coloured according to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG) [18,19]. A more detailed review of the chemical structure of P. aeruginosa LPS can be found in [17].…”

Section: Structure Of Lipid a Core And O Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Physiology

2019

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The major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is comprised of lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen, which is a long polysaccharide chain extending into the extracellular environment. Due to the localization of LPS, it is a key molecule on the bacterial cell wall that is recognized by the host to deploy an immune defence in order to neutralize invading pathogens. However, LPS also promotes bacterial survival in a host environment by protecting the bacteria from these threats. This review explores the relationship between the different LPS glycoforms of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the ability of this organism to cause persistent infections, especially in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. We also discuss the role of LPS in facilitating biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and how LPS may be targeted by new antimicrobial therapies.

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Section: Structure Of Lipid a Core And O Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Physiology

2019

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“…. Hypothetical side chain placements for hepta-and octasaccharides (DP 7 and 8) with tetrameric β-glucan backbones and xylosyl and arabinoxylosyl side chains, shown using Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans [119,120] and side chain code abbreviations [116,118]. Reported and proposed structures [26,28,112] are indicated by bolded abbreviations.…”

Section: Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity

Coleman

Ferreira

2020

Molecules

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Cranberry is a well-known functional food, but the compounds directly responsible for many of its reported health benefits remain unidentified. Complex carbohydrates, specifically xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharides, are the newest recognized class of biologically active compounds identified in cranberry materials. Cranberry oligosaccharides have shown similar biological properties as other dietary oligosaccharides, including effects on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and microbial growth. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity has also been observed. Oligosaccharides may therefore be significant contributors to many of the health benefits associated with cranberry products. Soluble oligosaccharides are present at relatively high concentrations (~20% w/w or greater) in many cranberry materials, and yet their possible contributions to biological activity have remained unrecognized. This is partly due to the inherent difficulty of detecting these compounds without intentionally seeking them. Inconsistencies in product descriptions and terminology have led to additional confusion regarding cranberry product composition and the possible presence of oligosaccharides. This review will present our current understanding of cranberry oligosaccharides and will discuss their occurrence, structures, ADME, biological properties, and possible prebiotic effects for both gut and urinary tract microbiota. Our hope is that future investigators will consider these compounds as possible significant contributors to the observed biological effects of cranberry.

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“…For a detailed overview of the intriguing chemistry of sugars, see the literature (Lindhorst, 2007). Figure 2A depicts the most common sugars found in the human body and their pictorial representations according to the symbol nomenclature for glycans (SNFG) (Varki et al, 2015;Neelamegham et al, 2019). As mentioned above, stereochemistry plays a central role in glycobiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of the Mammalian Glycocalyx in Functional Membrane Organization and Immune System Regulation

Möckl

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

169

126

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All cells in the human body are covered by a dense layer of sugars and the proteins and lipids to which they are attached, collectively termed the "glycocalyx." For decades, the organization of the glycocalyx and its interplay with the cellular state have remained enigmatic. This changed in recent years. Latest research has shown that the glycocalyx is an organelle of vital significance, actively involved in and functionally relevant for various cellular processes, that can be directly targeted in therapeutic contexts. This review gives a brief introduction into glycocalyx biology and describes the specific challenges glycocalyx research faces. Then, the traditional view of the role of the glycocalyx is discussed before several recent breakthroughs in glycocalyx research are surveyed. These results exemplify a currently unfolding bigger picture about the role of the glycocalyx as a fundamental cellular agent.

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Updates to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans guidelines

Cited by 366 publications

References 25 publications

The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Physiology

The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Physiology

Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity

The Emerging Role of the Mammalian Glycocalyx in Functional Membrane Organization and Immune System Regulation

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