Updates to the taxonomy of Swartzia (Leguminosae) in extra-Amazonian Brazil, with descriptions of five new species and a regional key to the genus

Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Torke, Benjamin M.; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas

doi:10.1007/s12228-011-9219-8

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most Swartzia spp. have flowers with only one carpel, but S. dipetala and S. microstylis Benth. (Pinto, Torke & Mansano, ) have flowers with a bicarpellate gynoecium, and S. ingifolia Ducke , S. laxiflora Bong. ex Benth. , S. littlei R.S.Cowan and S. prancei have a gynoecium of one to three carpels (Torke & Mansano, ; B. M. Torke, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an unusual condition in both the family and genus (Tucker, 2003a, b), being found only in five Swartzia spp. from three different sections of the genus [ Digynae Torke & Mansano, Multistaminae Torke & Mansano and Possira (Aublet) Cowan] (Torke & Mansano, ; Pinto et al ., ) and showing a sporadic occurrence in S. prancei [section Recurvae (R.S.Cowan) Torke & Mansano]. The insertion of the style ranges from a terminal to a clearly lateral position with respect to the long axis of the ovary, and the form of the stigma can be variously described as punctiform, truncate, obtuse or capitate (Tucker, 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidating the unusual floral features ofSwartzia dipetala(Fabaceae)

2013

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In this study, we evaluated the floral ontogeny of Swartzia dipetala, which has peculiar floral features compared with other legumes, such as an entire calyx in the floral bud, a corolla with one or two petals, a dimorphic and polyandrous androecium and a bicarpellate gynoecium. We provide new information on the function of pollen in both stamen morphs and whether both carpels of a flower are able to form fruit. Floral buds, flowers and fruits were processed for observation under light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and for quantitative analyses. The entire calyx results from the initiation, elongation and fusion of three sepal primordia. A unique petal primordium (or rarely two) is produced on the adaxial side of a ring meristem, which is formed after the initiation of the calyx. The polyandrous and dimorphic androecium also originates from the activity of the ring meristem. It produces three larger stamen primordia on the abaxial side and numerous smaller stamen primordia on the adaxial side. These two types of stamens bear morphologically similar ripening pollen grains. However, prior to the dehiscence of thecae and presentation of pollen in the anther, only the pollen grains of the larger stamens contain amyloplasts. Two carpel primordia are initiated as distinct protuberances, alternating with the larger stamens, in a slightly inner position in the floral meristem, constituting the bicarpellate gynoecium. Both carpels are able to form fruit, although only one fruit is generally produced in a flower. The increase in gynoecium merism probably results in an increase in the surface deposition of pollen grains and consequently in the chance of pollination. This is the first study to thoroughly investigate organogenesis and the ability of the carpel to form fruit in a bicarpellate flower from a member of Fabaceae, in addition to the pollen ultrastructure in the heteromorphic stamens associated with the 'division of labour' sensu Darwin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the unusual floral features ofSwartzia dipetala(Fabaceae)

2013

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“…Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden abundant time spent making observations in the field inspired his hypothesis that "Amazonian-centered" clades of lowland canopy trees and lianas have evolutionary histories that contrast with "Andean-centered" clades of mid-to highelevation epiphytes, understory shrubs, or large monocots (Gentry, 1982a). This remains a major biogeographic hypothesis tested by systematists (Fleming et al, 1987;Clark, 1990;Taylor, 1991;Cuesta-Camacho et al, 2006;Pirie et al, 2006;Quijano-Abril et al, 2006;Pennington & Dick, 2010;Pinto et al, 2012;Lagomarsino et al, 2017), and has become so ingrained in Neotropical botany that researchers often present their study systems as "Amazonian-centered" (e.g., Macrolobium Schreb. section Macrolobium [ (Murphy et al, 2018)], Swartzia Schreb.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Central Role of Taxonomy in the Study of Neotropical Biodiversity

Lagomarsino

Frost

2020

annals

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The Neotropics are the most species-rich area of the planet. Understanding the origin and maintenance of this diversity is an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Success in this endeavor relies heavily on the past work of taxonomists who have collected specimens and produced the floras and monographs that constitute the foundation for the study of plant diversity. To illustrate this, we visualize collecting efforts through time and identify the importance of past taxonomic and collection efforts in generating the bulk of specimen data that broad-scale analyses rely on today. To demonstrate the importance of taxonomy for the study of Neotropical biodiversity, we showcase selected plant groups in which in-depth taxonomic understanding has facilitated exciting evolutionary and ecological research and highlight the teams of scientists who have built on the legacy of Alwyn Gentry, one of the most prolific taxonomists of the late 20th century. We also discuss challenges faced by taxonomists, including perceived subjectivity, difficulty in measuring impact, and the need to become more interdisciplinary. We end with potential solutions going forward, including integration of taxonomists in interdisciplinary research, advocacy for continued collection efforts, increased funding for alpha taxonomic research that is performed with increasingly replicable methodology, and explicit decolonization efforts to increase inclusivity and equity in the field of taxonomy. Acknowledging the central role of taxonomy and taxonomists is essential to accurately and completely describe Neotropical biodiversity patterns in an age of unprecedented extinction risk and conservation need.

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“…Swartzia, and it brings to 111 the number of species of Swartzia known from Brazil (see BFG 2015). Its publication marks just the latest in a series of discoveries of new taxa of Swartzia from extra-Amazonian Brazil (e.g., Cowan, 1968Cowan, , 19731981;1985;Mansano & Tozzi 1999, 2001Pinto et al 2012;Torke & Mansano 2013 (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Swartzia hilaireana (Leguminosae), an “old” new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016

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Swartzia hilaireana, a new species of Swartzia sect. Swartzia from seasonal forests of the transition zone between cerrado and Altantic forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Although it was first collected nearly two centuries ago, only in recent decades has sufficient material of the species become available to make a confident taxonomic assessment. The species is closely related to S. pilulifera with which it may occur sympatrically, but it differs from that species in multiple aspects of its morphology.

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Updates to the taxonomy of Swartzia (Leguminosae) in extra-Amazonian Brazil, with descriptions of five new species and a regional key to the genus

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Elucidating the unusual floral features ofSwartzia dipetala(Fabaceae)

Elucidating the unusual floral features ofSwartzia dipetala(Fabaceae)

The Central Role of Taxonomy in the Study of Neotropical Biodiversity

Swartzia hilaireana (Leguminosae), an “old” new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

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