Updating correction procedures in quantitative electron‐probe microanalysis

Abstract

to describe electron energy loss *=-const Z -Zn(1.166 E -) des A J where J is the mean ionisation potential, i.e. the average energy loss per inelastic event. J is approximately proportional to atomic number Z and while many formulae exist, it is not clear which, if any, are correct. Philibert and Tixier (1968) chose J = 11.5Z but an empirical expression (Duncurnb et al. 1969) was developed for use in the Duncumb and Reed ( 1968) atomic number correction J = [ 14 Z ( l L e x p ( 4 . 1 Z ) ) + 75.5 Z/Z"'7.s -Zz/( 100 + Z ) ] .It may be seen that the insertion of equations ( 5 ) and (6) into (4) to give S would result in a complex

The Properties of a New Endodontic Material

“…All analyses were carried out at 15 kV and 1 nA of probe current. Atomic number, absorption, and fluorescence corrections were applied throughout (15). Each analysis was performed by using an area scan taken at 200ϫ magnification to provide an average value for the overall composition.…”

Comparison of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate's Composition with Portland Cements and a New Endodontic Cement

“…All analyses were carried out at 15 kV and 1 nA of probe current, with well-characterized minerals as calibration standards (Astimex MINM25-53; Astimex Scientific Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Atomic number, absorption, and fluorescence corrections were applied throughout the study (22). Because of the heterogeneity of the samples, in terms of both mineral composition and surface texture (Figs.…”

Local crystal chemistry, induced strain and short range order in the cubic pyrochlore (Bi1.5−αZn0.5−β)(Zn0.5−γNb1.5−δ)O(7−1.5α−β−γ−2.5δ) (BZN)

“…The analyses were carried out at 15 kV and 2 nA using a JEOL 6400 scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford Instruments light element EDS detector and Link ISIS SEMquant software. In order to minimize the atomic number, absorption, and fluorescence (ZAF) corrections [14], Bi 2 Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 O 7 was synthesized and used as a calibration standard.…”

“…In order to minimize the atomic number, absorption, and fluorescence (ZAF) corrections [14], the zirconolite type phase of stoichiometry Bi 2 Zn 2/3 Nb 4/3 O 7 was synthesized and used as a calibration standard.…”