Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep

Xia, Tao; Yao, Ziqing; Guo, Xue; Liu, Jing; Chen, Danni; Liu, Qiang; Paller, Ken A.; Hu, Xiaoqing

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.004

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Moreover, both TMR-elicited representational reactivation strength and the increased spindles were preferentially coupled to the up-state of SOs. Together with recent evidence showing that SOs up-state is conducive to TMR-induced memory reactivation and sleep learning 36,37,37,48,49,62 , our results indicating that SO up-state and concurrent spindles provide a privileged time window for memory reactivation and cross-regional information transfer. A precise delineation of the TMR-triggered cross-regional interaction awaits future investigations that employ neuroimaging methods affording both high spatial and temporal resolutions (e.g., MEG, iEEG, and simultaneously EEG-fMRI).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Each word-picture pair was repeated three times during the encoding phase. After a distractor (math) task, participants completed a pre-sleep cued recall test, wherein half (48) of the learning pairs were tested (i.e., tested items) while the other half (48) were untested (i.e., untested items). TMR cues consisted of 24 spoken words from each of the tested and untested items respectively, resulting in a total of 48 TMR cues.…”

Section: Behavioral Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, non-human primate and rodent studies have shown that the neuronal responses of the primary auditory cortex are well preserved during sleep with little modulation by different vigilance states 42,43 . Human research shows that the sleeping brain can process meaningful auditory stimuli such as participants' own names 44 , voices 45 , lexical sounds 46 , continuous speech 47 , and new semantic associations 48,49 . At the neural level, auditory stimulation during NREM sleep is manifested by increased EEG power in both the low-frequency range (2-10 Hz) and sigma band (11-16 Hz) immediately following auditory stimuli 34,50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Liu

Tao²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding how individual memory traces are reactivated during sleep is instrumental to the theorizing of memory consolidation, a process during which newly acquired information becomes stabilized and long-lasting. Via targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique that unobtrusively delivers learning-related memory cues to sleeping participants, we examined the reactivation of individual memories during slow-wave sleep and how canonical neural oscillations support item-specific memory reactivation. Furthermore, we investigated how pre-sleep testing, which presumably induces fast consolidation before sleep, would modulate sleep-mediated memory reactivation. Applying multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA) to the cue-elicited electroencephalogram (EEG), we identified significant item-specific representations in two post-cue time windows (620-1350 ms and 2270-3190 ms) for post-sleep remembered items, with only the later item-specific representations contributing to memory consolidation. Untested items (i.e., items that were not tested pre-sleep), but not tested items, elicited higher spindles that predicted stronger item-specific representations and post-sleep memories. Notably, for untested items, the strengths of memory reactivation and spindles were temporally coupled to the up-state of the slow oscillation activity. Together, our results unveiled how item-specific memory reactivation and its link with neural oscillations during sleep contributed to memory consolidation. This knowledge will benefit future research aiming to perturb specific memory episodes during sleep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Behavioral Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Liu

Tao²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…detect memory reactivation after Up stimulation, and why we found next-morning behavioural bene t only after stimulation in this phase. Our ndings are in keeping with recent work showing that Up phase stimulation elicits classi able reactivation and boosts memory performance, while Down phase stimulation does not (H.-V. V. Ngo and Staresina 2022) as well as work showing that Up phase TMR more effectively promotes emotional updating than stimulation at other SO phases(Xia et al 2023). Thus, our results join a growing literature showing that Up phase TMR has a stronger impact on neural processing.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Memory reactivation in slow wave sleep enhances relational learning.

Kashif

McGinley²,

Lewis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sleep has been shown to boost the integration of memories, and thus to facilitate relational learning. This benefit is thought to rely upon memory reactivation during non-REM sleep. We set out to test this possibility by explicitly cueing such reactivation using a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake and then softly played back to the participant in sleep, triggering reactivation of the associated memories. Specifically, we tested whether TMR during slow wave sleep leads to enhancements in inferential thinking in a transitive inference task. Because the Up-phase of the slow oscillation is more responsive to external cues than the Down-phase, we also asked whether stimulation at this specific phase is more beneficial for such integration. Our data show that Up-phase TMR boosts the ability to make inferences, but only for the most distant inferential leaps. Such stimulation was also associated with detectable memory reinstatement, whereas Down-phase stimulation produced no such trace and led to below-chance performance. These findings demonstrate that cueing memory reactivation at the right time points in sleep can provide a direct benefit to difficult relational learning problems.

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“…46 Furthermore, the use of positive vocabulary during sleep has been shown to update negative memories, alleviating their emotional impact. 51 Second, the process of memory updating has the potential to modify the emotional valence of remembered events. Positive reappraisal-an offshoot of cognitive reappraisal as described by Folkman and Moskowitz-is particularly effective in reshaping negative memories with a positive slant.…”

Section: Adaptively Updating Negative Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between memory control and emotion regulation

Luo,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2024

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Memory control (MC) and emotion regulation (ER) are critical cognitive functions for adapting to life's challenges, drawing significant research attention. Accumulating evidence suggests these processes are interrelated, yet a comprehensive discussion of their interplay remains lacking. We introduce an integrative framework exploring the mutual influence between MC and ER, composed of two interrelated branches: first, MC aids in ER through the retrieval of positive memories, intentional forgetting of undesirable content, and the adaptive updating of memory stores. Second, ER impacts MC by upregulating positivity and downregulating negativity in memories. The framework spotlights the need to harness MC–ER interplay for future research. Potential directions include utilizing MC to amplify ER capabilities, training ER skills to refine MC performance, and modulating the cognitive and neural overlapping of both processes to improve both functions. Delving into the MC–ER nexus advances understanding of the intricate emotion–memory relationship and holds great promise for developing novel behavioral interventions.

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Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep

Cited by 21 publications

References 72 publications

Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidation

Memory reactivation in slow wave sleep enhances relational learning.

The interplay between memory control and emotion regulation

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