Updating the Landscape for Functioning Gonadotroph Tumors

Ntali, Georgia; Căpățînă, Cristina

doi:10.3390/medicina58081071

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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Section: Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonadotroph PitNETs are mostly non‐functioning (Ntali & Capatina, 2022). In females with functioning gonadotroph tumors, estrogen levels are marginally to markedly elevated (Ntali & Capatina, 2022). A rare case of functioning gonadotroph PitNET could thus have caused the typical signs of Morgagni's syndrome, including HFI, in the female individual from burial Fst.…”

Section: Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pronounced hyperostosis frontalis interna and co‐occurring lesions in the skull base suggestive of a pituitary tumor in a woman from medieval Germany

Flohr,

Witzel,

Kierdorf

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is an osseous overgrowth characterized by symmetrical, irregular bone apposition on the internal table of the frontal bone, which preferentially occurs in females. In 1719, Morgagni described the condition as one sign of a triad comprising HFI, hirsutism, and obesity (Morgagni's syndrome). The etiopathogenesis of HFI is largely unresolved, but the condition is frequently associated with metabolic, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In archaeological cases, which rely solely on dry bone diagnosis, the cause of HFI generally remains unknown, as is also the case regarding accompanying signs and symptoms. Here, we report a case of pronounced HFI in the skeleton of an old‐adult woman from medieval Hildesheim dating to the 8th to 11th century CE. In addition to HFI, the cranium exhibits resorptive lesions of the sella turcica with dehiscence of the roof of the sphenoid sinus. The co‐occurrence of these lesions suggests an underlying common cause for them. On the basis of differential diagnosis, we consider a functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) as the most likely common cause for the two conditions.

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Section: Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced hyperostosis frontalis interna and co‐occurring lesions in the skull base suggestive of a pituitary tumor in a woman from medieval Germany

Flohr,

Witzel,

Kierdorf

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Gonadotroph tumors, although known to secrete gonadotropins, are typically classified as nonfunctioning as they usually do not cause a clinical syndrome. [3] However, functioning gonadotroph adenomas are seen to a much smaller extent and can result in clinical syndromes such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). [3] Non-functioning gonadotroph tumors comprise the majority anterior pituitary adenomas, yet they remain poorly understood and without a recommended treatment option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] However, functioning gonadotroph adenomas are seen to a much smaller extent and can result in clinical syndromes such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). [3] Non-functioning gonadotroph tumors comprise the majority anterior pituitary adenomas, yet they remain poorly understood and without a recommended treatment option. [3] Within these subtypes, PitNETs are classified into seven morphological types and three lineages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Non-functioning gonadotroph tumors comprise the majority anterior pituitary adenomas, yet they remain poorly understood and without a recommended treatment option. [3] Within these subtypes, PitNETs are classified into seven morphological types and three lineages. Although most PitNETs are benign, roughly 20-45% behave aggressively through cavernous sinus (CS) invasion, making effective management necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome-Derived Ligand-Receptor Interactome of Major PitNET Subgroups

Batchu

Diaz

Patel

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base

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Introduction: ¬¬Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are rare skull base tumors that can impart significant disability owing to their locally invasive potential. To date, the gamut of PitNET subtypes remains ill-understood at the ligand-receptor (LR) interactome level, potentially limiting therapeutic options. Here we present findings from in silico analysis of LR complexes formed by PitNETs with clinical presentations of acromegaly, Cushing’s Disease, high prolactin production, and without symptoms of hormone hypersecretion. Methods: Previously published PitNET gene expression data was acquired from ArrayExpress. These data represented all secretion types. LR interactions were analyzed via a crosstalk score approach. Results: CORT ligand was significantly involved in tumor-to-tumor signaling across all PitNET subtypes but prolactinomas, which evidenced active CORT depletion. Likewise, CCL25 ligand was implicated in 20% of the top LR complex interactions along the tumor-to-stroma signaling axis, but silent PitNETs reported unique depletion of the CCL25 ligand. Along the stroma-to-tumor signaling axis, all clinical PitNET subtypes enriched stromal VIP ligand interactions with tumor SCTR. All clinical PitNET subtypes enriched stromal DEFB103B ligand interactions with stromal chemokine receptors along the stroma-to-stroma signaling axis. In PitNETs causing Cushing’s Disease, immune checkpoint ligand CD274 reported high stromal expression, and prolactinomas reported low stromal expression. Moreover, prolactinomas evidenced distinctly high stromal expression of immune-exhausted T cell response marker IL10RA compared to other clinical subtypes. Conclusion: Relative crosstalk score analysis revealed a great diversity of ligand-receptor complex interactions across clinical PitNET subtypes and between solid tumor compartments. More data is needed to exact clinical relevance.

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