Upgrade of citrus waste as a biofuel via slow pyrolysis

Volpe, Maurizio; Panno, Domenico; Volpe, Roberto; Messineo, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.06.015

Cited by 81 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…High lingo‐cellulosic waste in these residue is a source for the production of new and sustainable chemicals and fuels (Ranzi et al, ). Many researchers have studied the valorization of citrus waste into biofuels through process of pyrolysis, thermolysis, gasification, and combustion (Alvarez et al, ; Kim, Lee, Kim, Watanabe, & Park, ; Miranda, Bustos‐Martinez, Sosa Blanco, Gutierrez Villarreal, & Rodriguez Cantu, ; Volpea, Pannob, Volpea, & Messineo, ; Zapata, Balmaseda, Fregoso‐Israel, & Torres‐Garcıa, ).…”

Section: Citrus Waste Valorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by‐products of citrus fruits: A review

Chavan

Singh

Kaur

2018

J Food Process Engineering

144

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Citrus fruits are major processed fruits in the world that results in generation of large quantities of by‐products, which are rich sources of soluble sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and essential oils. However, very large amount of residues is end up at agriculture field or dumping pit as waste. The present review highlights the technologies and processes for utilization of the citrus by‐products viz., feed for extraction of essential oils, charcoal and bio‐oil production, hydrogen syngas etc. Citrus pulp a very effective agent for removal of metals and chemicals in and effluent generated by industries by adsorption technique. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell developed by synthesis of activated carbon from citrus pulp is considered to be next generation potential power. In order to make rational use of this valuable resource and protect the environment, the present study aims at comprehensive utilization of this value added by‐products. Practical Applications In the present scenario of fast developing world, the generation of waste is increasing day by day in large quantities which influences the heath of ecosystem and ultimately the human health. Adaptation of advanced technologies and processes is not only a technique of waste management but also generate an alternative to environment polluting substances through development of craft paper, biodiesel, activated carbon along with development of value added food products such as extruded, pectin extraction, essential oils, etc. Increased scope of product development increases the overall returns to manufacturer, employment generation and sustainable socio‐economic development and maintains environmental stability.

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Section: Citrus Waste Valorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by‐products of citrus fruits: A review

Chavan

Singh

Kaur

2018

J Food Process Engineering

144

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“…This type of thermo-chemical conversion, also referred to as wet pyrolysis (or wet torrefaction), can be applied to a variety of non-traditional sources such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, wet agricultural residues, sewage sludge, algae and aquaculture residues [1][2][3][4]. Indeed, unlike traditional dry pyrolysis [5,6], the HTC process allows for the treatment of substrates with elevated moisture content, up to 75%-90%, without requiring a drying pre-treatment step [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Process Design, Modeling, Energy Efficiency and Cost Analysis

2017

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Abstract:In this paper, a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process is designed and modeled on the basis of experimental data previously obtained for two representative organic waste materials: off-specification compost and grape marc. The process accounts for all the steps and equipment necessary to convert raw moist biomass into dry and pelletized hydrochar. By means of mass and thermal balances and based on common equations specific to the various equipment, thermal energy and power consumption were calculated at variable process conditions: HTC reactor temperature T: 180, 220, 250 • C; reaction time θ: 1, 3, 8 h. When operating the HTC plant with grape marc (65% moisture content) at optimized process conditions (T = 220 • C; θ = 1 h; dry biomass to water ratio = 0.19), thermal energy and power consumption were equal to 1170 kWh and 160 kWh per ton of hydrochar produced, respectively. Correspondingly, plant efficiency was 78%. In addition, the techno-economical aspects of the HTC process were analyzed in detail, considering both investment and production costs. The production cost of pelletized hydrochar and its break-even point were determined to be 157 €/ton and 200 €/ton, respectively. Such values make the use of hydrochar as a CO 2 neutral biofuel attractive.

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Section: Environmental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the National Energy Authority, the current national energy mix entails a consumption of 0.49 kg equivalents of CO 2 per each kWh produced [35][36][37][38]. The renewable energy produced yearly by PATs in each of the scenarios directly translates into savings of energy which would otherwise be produced by traditional sources, thus in a direct saving of CO 2 emission.…”

Section: Environmental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving in Water Distribution Network through Pump as Turbine Generators: Economic and Environmental Analysis

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Complex systems of water distribution networks (WDS) are used to supply water to users. WDSs are systems where a lot of distributed energy is available. Historically, this energy is artificially dissipated by pressure reduction valves (PRVs), thanks to which water utilities manage the pressure level in selected nodes of the network. The present study explores the use of economic hydraulic machines, pumps as turbines (PATs) to produce energy in a small network located in a town close to Palermo (Italy). The main idea is to avoid dissipation in favor of renewable energy production. The proposed study is applied to a WDN typical of the Mediterranean countries, where the users, to collect water during the period of water scarcity conditions, install private tanks. The presence of private tanks deeply modifies the network from its designed condition. In the proposed analysis, the economic benefit of PATs application in water distribution networks has been investigated, accounting for the presence of users' private tanks. The analysis, carried out by mean of a mathematical model able to dynamically simulate the water distribution network with PATs, shows the advantage of their installation in terms of renewable energy recovery, even though the energy production of PATs is strictly conditioned by their installation position.

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Upgrade of citrus waste as a biofuel via slow pyrolysis

Cited by 81 publications

References 39 publications

Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by‐products of citrus fruits: A review

Recent progress in the utilization of industrial waste and by‐products of citrus fruits: A review

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Process Design, Modeling, Energy Efficiency and Cost Analysis

Energy Saving in Water Distribution Network through Pump as Turbine Generators: Economic and Environmental Analysis

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