Upgrade of the SPECIES beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory

Abstract

The SPECIES beamline has been transferred to the new 1.5 GeV storage ring at the MAX IV Laboratory. Several improvements have been made to the beamline and its endstations during the transfer. Together the Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering endstations are capable of conducting photoelectron spectroscopy in elevated pressure regimes with enhanced time-resolution and flux and X-ray scattering experiments with improved resolution and flux. Both endstations offer a unique capability for experiments at low photon energies in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray range. In this paper, the upgrades on the endstations and current performance of the beamline are reported.

Chemical bonding of termination species in 2D carbides investigated through valence band UPS/XPS of Ti3C2T x MXene

“…The synchrotron radiation-based (SR) UPS/XPS were obtained using a SPECS Phoibos 150 NAP electron energy analyzer installed on the ambient pressure XPS endstation at the SPECIES beamline [23,24]. The sample was irradiated at an angle of 57°, with respect to the surface normal, and provided an x-ray spot size of 100 x 100 µm 2 .…”

Synchronizing gas injections and time-resolved data acquisition for perturbation-enhanced APXPS experiments

“…Experiments were developed at the APXPS end station of the SPECIES beamline 43,44 at MAX IV Laboratory. The endstation 35 is equipped with an ambient pressure XPS cell, a differentially pumped electron analyzer (SPECS Phoibos 150 NAP), and a DLD detector from Surface Concept.…”

Ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy setup for synchrotron-based in situ and operando atomic layer deposition research

“…Its design details are given and the characteristic features which distinguish it from the previous in situ systems are elaborated. The setup can be used to study ALD reactions under similar conditions as in commercial ALD reactors, and it is installed at the SPECIES beamline 53,54 at the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. The beamline provides a wide energy range of 30-1500 eV, allowing for XPS measurements at most core levels with surface-sensitive energies while also providing a unique access to valence band measurements at a high photon flux.…”

“…The cell has many of the same properties as the other cells in use at the SPECIES beamline. 54 The sample can be moved in three orthogonal directions in order to select different spots on the sample surface and to avoid x-ray induced damage. Samples are introduced to the cell through a door and are transferred inside the vacuum using a wobble stick, which is also used as a screwdriver to close the door of the cell.…”