Upgraded formulations for the onset of local mechanisms in multi-storey masonry buildings using limit analysis

Casapulla, Claudia; Argiento, Luca Umberto; Maione, Alessandra; Speranza, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.083

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The acceleration capacity a c can be calculated by performing a kinematic analysis, based on either the Heyman's model [47] or the frictional model [24,25,29]. Of course, the acceleration demand a d can be derived for the selected construction site by National Standards, such as [46], or by suitable refined studies.…”

Section: Seismic Performance Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keeping the purpose of this paper mainly addressed to the integrated approach, the former is preferred herein and the ultimate limit state (ULS) or life-safety is considered for the original and retrofitted configurations of the wall under study. The macro-block modeling approach of Casapulla et al [24,29] is adopted to also take into account the contribution of frictional resistances.…”

Section: Seismic Analysis and Seismic Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the floor slabs are both stiff enough in their own plane and effectively connected to the walls, the seismic performance of the building is governed by its global behavior [21,22]; if not, it is controlled by local failure mechanisms. The local mechanisms can be studied by means of linear and non-linear kinematic approaches [23][24][25][26] or making use of refined transient non-linear analyses [26][27][28], aiming to exclude out-of-plane failures [29]. This issue is particularly relevant for historic structures, where the connections between horizontal diaphragms and walls are poor [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of the most likely OOP mechanism through the kinematic approach of limit analysis [29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Economic Impact of Retrofitting Techniques to Prevent Out-of-Plane Failure Modes of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

2021

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This paper presents an innovative methodology to assess the economic and environmental impact of integrated interventions, namely solutions that improve both structural and energy performance of existing masonry buildings, preventing out-of-plane modes and increasing their energy efficiency. The procedure allows the assessment of the environmental and the economic normalized costs of each integrated intervention, considering seismic and energy-saving indicators. In addition, the work introduces in relative or absolute terms two original indicators, associated with seismic displacement and thermal transmittance. The iso-cost curves so derived are thus a powerful tool to compare alternative solutions, aiming to identify the most advantageous one. In fact, iso-cost curves can be used with a twofold objective: to determine the optimal integrated intervention associated with a given economic/environmental impact, or, as an alternative, to derive the pairs of seismic and energy performance indicators associated with a given budget. The analysis of a somehow relevant case study reveals that small energy savings could imply excessive environmental impacts, disproportionally increasing the carbon footprint characterizing each intervention. Iso-cost curves in terms of absolute indicators are more suitable for assessing the effects of varying acceleration demands on a given building, while iso-cost curves in terms of relative indicators are more readable to consider a plurality of cases, located in different sites. The promising results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, stimulating further studies.

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Section: Seismic Performance Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic Analysis and Seismic Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of the most likely OOP mechanism through the kinematic approach of limit analysis [29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Economic Impact of Retrofitting Techniques to Prevent Out-of-Plane Failure Modes of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

2021

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“…), masonry buildings can collapse or have relevant damage for two main groups of mechanisms: ‘local’ and ‘global’ failure modes. The loss of stability of parts of the structure determines local failure mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], while all the crises related to the in-plane behavior of masonry walls can be addressed to the global ones. Focusing on the second group, the failure mechanisms are called ‘global’ because they can occur only if the whole structure reacts as a box, according to the so-called ‘box-behavior’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review of the In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Walls: Theoretical vs. Experimental Results

et al. 2021

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In-plane strength of masonry walls is affected by the resistant mechanisms activated in the walls, i.e., related to flexural or shear behavior. The latter one can occur in the walls according to different failure modes depending on both mortar and unit strengths and on the type of assembling, i.e., ‘regular’ or ‘irregular’ texture. In this paper, a critical review of the existing design formulations for the in-plane strength of masonry walls is firstly presented, with important information on the achievable failure modes depending on the geometrical and mechanical features of the masonry fabric. Then, experimental tests are collected from the literature and a comparison between theoretical and experimental results is carried out. The presented analyses are aimed to highlight the differences between the existing formulations and to identify the most suitable ones.

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A discrete‐element approach accounting for P‐Delta effects

Cusmano

Pantò

Rapicavoli

et al. 2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper presents a discrete macro‐element accounting for P‐Delta effects to describe the rocking response of masonry walls subjected to out‐of‐plane (OOP) loadings. Both constitutive and geometric nonlinearities are considered within the discrete macro‐element method (DMEM), which is a modeling approach characterized by a very low computational cost compared to traditional distinct element method (DEM) and detailed finite element (FEM) strategies. OOP failure mechanisms are the main cause of severe damage for unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, subjected to seismic actions. These mechanisms are generally activated by low seismic excitation and displacements. However, after their activation, they can evolve towards large displacements related to rigid‐block‐like kinematics that strongly affects the nonlinear mechanical response. Therefore, geometric nonlinearities, often ignored, should be included in the analyses. A new simplified, still accurate P‐Delta formulation is presented, according to which the global equilibrium is imposed by referring to the undeformed system configuration, avoiding assembling the geometric stiffness matrix. Namely, the system load vector is updated at each step of the analysis, accounting for the additional moments generated by the in‐plane compression forces acting on the macro‐elements in the deformed configuration. The proposed model is validated against closed‐form analytical solutions of rigid‐block benchmarks in large displacements and the results of experimental tests already available in the literature. In addition, extensive parametric analyses are performed to investigate the role of different mechanical and geometric parameters characterizing the ultimate non‐linear response of masonry walls subjected to horizontal forces. The results show how the proposed model, including P‐Delta effects, accurately predicts the non‐linear rocking response of masonry walls until the attainment of the unstable configuration.

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Upgraded formulations for the onset of local mechanisms in multi-storey masonry buildings using limit analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Environmental and Economic Impact of Retrofitting Techniques to Prevent Out-of-Plane Failure Modes of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

Environmental and Economic Impact of Retrofitting Techniques to Prevent Out-of-Plane Failure Modes of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

Literature Review of the In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Walls: Theoretical vs. Experimental Results

A discrete‐element approach accounting for P‐Delta effects

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