2021
DOI: 10.3390/en14092347
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Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Abstract: Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hy… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Many cases related to DHC exist in the EU, with the incorporation of geothermal energy in the form of either shallow thermal or medium geothermal (direct use) applications. The available cases can be categorised into the 'retrofitting' or upgrading of the existing networks, new hybrid networks incorporating many sources [49], or geothermal only DHC networks. A specific European cost action project (Geothermal-DHC CA18219) addresses and promotes these cases where a web GIS tool has been developed to record as many cases as possible.…”
Section: Integration Of Heat Pumps Into 5 Gdhc Network In Europementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many cases related to DHC exist in the EU, with the incorporation of geothermal energy in the form of either shallow thermal or medium geothermal (direct use) applications. The available cases can be categorised into the 'retrofitting' or upgrading of the existing networks, new hybrid networks incorporating many sources [49], or geothermal only DHC networks. A specific European cost action project (Geothermal-DHC CA18219) addresses and promotes these cases where a web GIS tool has been developed to record as many cases as possible.…”
Section: Integration Of Heat Pumps Into 5 Gdhc Network In Europementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Assuming a SPF of four (one unit of electricity to provide or remove four units of heat), just 50% of self-consumption by PV panels can increase the renewable fraction of the GSHP from 87% to 93%. Several authors also emphasize the benefits of hybridizing GSHPs with PV panels from the operational, economic, and environmental perspectives [71][72][73][169][170][171].…”
Section: Why Sge and 5gdhc Are Especially Attractive In Mediterranean...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The benefit of this strategy is twofold. First, by enhancing the heat supply technology (such as switching from coal-fired plant to a CHP unit in [202]) or by replacing the fossil fuel with more sustainable resources [203,204], the overall energy conversion efficiency is increased, which leads to extra energy savings, lower heat generation cost and less GHG emissions. Furthermore, replacing fossil fuels with sustainable resources usually results in a lower operation temperature.…”
Section: Upgrade Of Existing Dh Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%