Upgrading almond-tree pruning as a biofuel via wet torrefaction

Aguado, Roque; Cuevas, Manuel Bruña; Pérez‐Villarejo, Luis; Martínez-Cartas, María Lourdes; Sánchez, Sebastián

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.142

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At this point, it should be noted that since, in this work, the main variables used are time and temperature, pH was removed from the equation, with the simplified severity factor used for non-isothermal reaction conditions given in the following equation: A similar severity factor was used by Aguado et al [40] for wet torrefaction of almond-tree pruning. On the other hand, a severity index was used by Zhang et al [41] for spend coffee grounds and microalga residue torrefaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

et al. 2020

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Many recent studies focused on the research of thermal treated biomass in order to replace fossil fuels. These studies improved the knowledge about pretreated lignocellulosics contribution to achieve the goal of renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions and limiting climate change. They participate in renewable energy production so that sustainable consumption and production patterns can by ensured by meeting Goals 7 and 12 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To this end, the subject of the present study relates to the enhancement of the thermal energy content of barley straw through torrefaction. At the same time, the impact of the torrefaction process parameters, i.e., time and temperature, was investigated and kinetic models were applied in order to fit the experimental data using the severity factor, R0, which combines the effect of the temperature and the time of the torrefaction process into a single reaction ordinate. According to the results presented herein, the maximum heating value was achieved at the most severe torrefaction conditions. Consequently, torrefied barley straw could be an alternative renewable energy source as a coal substitute or an activated carbon low cost substitute (with/without activation treatment) within the biorefinery and the circular economy concept.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, during the industrial process of skin removal in the blanching process, two additional types of wastes are produced: blanched skin (4-8% of the total shelled almond fresh weight) and blanch water (wastewater) [9]. Finally, almond-tree pruning activities generate large amounts of woody biomass available in the field, which in most cases are left on the land and incorporated into the soil as an amendment or incinerated, leading to air pollution and fire risks [10]. Almond groves in Mediterranean areas produce annually on average 1.34 tonnes of residual woody biomass on a dry basis per hectare after pruning [11].…”

Section: Almond Industry Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these conditions, the producer gas is not suitable for use in internal combustion engines, so it must be cooled and cleaned up to a certain extent according to the manufacturer's specifications. For this purpose, the gasification plant has a producer gas cleaning and cooling system with the following units: a cyclone (2) that separates a large part of the particulate matter; a Venturi scrubber (3) that drastically reduces the gas temperature and also removes the tars by spraying a pressurized water jet; moisture removal filters (units 4 and 5) and a safety filter (6) that ensures a thorough cleanliness of the producer gas before entering the power generation unit (10). Additionally, the gasification plant has a waste-water treatment unit (11) for recirculating the process water into the Venturi scrubber and several pressure and temperature gauges (12) to continuously monitor the gasification process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Assessment of a Gasification Plant for Distributed Cogeneration in the Agrifood Sector

et al. 2021

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This research work presents a techno-economic analysis of a biomass gasification plant fueled with residues from the olive oil and almond industries for combined heat and power generation in the agrifood sector. The experimental plant consists of a downdraft fixed bed gasifier, a producer gas cleaning and cooling system and a spark-ignition engine–generator set as a power generation unit, which generates about 10–12 kW of rated electric power. With an average consumption between 13–14 kg/h of exhausted olive pomace pellets as feedstock, the producer gas volumetric flow rate was 31 Nm3/h (vol. %: 19.2 H2, 12.9 CO, 1.9 CH4, 19.2 CO2, 46.7 N2). The average cold gas efficiency was nearly 63%. This work also addresses the characterization and potential application of the carbonaceous solid residue (biochar), discharged from the gasifier at 1.7 kg/h. Finally, an economic feasibility analysis was developed, wherein the payback period ranges between 5–9 years.

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“…Grinding processes are one of the most commonly used preparatory processes for energy carriers (fossil and alternative) intended for combustion and co-combustion [1,2] and biofuel production [3][4][5]. These biomass forms may include plant-based lignocellulose waste [6,7], sewage waste [8,9], and animal-based meat processing waste [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

Kruszelnicka

2020

Energies

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Acquiring energy contained in biomass requires its prior appropriate preparation. These treatments require some energy inputs, which significantly affect the reduction of the energy and the environmental balance in the entire life cycle of the biomass energy processing chain. In connection with the above, the aim of this work is to develop a methodology for the environmental assessment of biomass grinding in the processing chain for energy purposes. The research problem is formulated as follows: Is it possible to provide an assessment model that takes into account the environmental inputs and benefits of the grinding process of biomass intended for further energy use (for example, combustion)? How do the control variables of the grinding machine affect the environmental process evaluation? In response to these research problems, an original, carbon dioxide emission assessment index of the biomass grinding process was developed. The model was verified by assessing the process of rice and maize grinding on a real object—a five-disc mill—with various speed settings of the grinding disc. It was found that the carbon dioxide emission assessment model developed provides the possibility of comparing grinding processes and identifying the grinding process with a better CO2 emission balance, where its values depend on the control parameters of the mill.

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Upgrading almond-tree pruning as a biofuel via wet torrefaction

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

Techno-Economic Assessment of a Gasification Plant for Distributed Cogeneration in the Agrifood Sector

A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †

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