Upgrading and visbreaking of super‐heavy oil by catalytic aquathermolysis with aromatic sulfonic copper

Chao, Kun; Chen, Yanling; Li, Jian; Zhang, Xianmin; Dong, Bingyang

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.05.010

Cited by 90 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, a major problem observed in this reaction was the formation of large molecules by Van der Waals or hydrogen-bonded hetero-atoms (O, N, S) present in the heavy oil [71]. To overcome this difficulty, a catalyst can be used which catalyzes the breakdown of large oil particles into smaller ones, increasing the amount of saturates and decreasing the concentration of resins and asphaltenes in the oil [72]. The enhanced catalytic activity of microemulsion-synthesized nanocatalysts due to their smaller particle size makes them an interesting candidate to be used in this viscosity reduction method [73].…”

Section: Aquathermolysis Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion Route for the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Catalytic Materials

Hussain¹,

Batool²

2017

Properties and Uses of Microemulsions

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Owing to their unique properties, use of microemulsion-based synthetic techniques for the generation of shape-controlled nanocatalyst is an area of great current interest. Nanocatalysts of any specific shape, morphology, surface area, size, geometry, homogeneity and composition are widely being prepared using the soft techniques of microemulsion. Easy handling, inexpensive equipment and mild reaction conditions make microemulsion an attractive reaction medium. Herein, a nanosized precursor reactant can be incorporated, leading to the formulation of a highly monodispersed metal nanoagglomerate with controlled size, shape and composition. Several factors such as presence of electrolyte, molar ratio of water to surfactant, nature and concentration of surfactant and solvent, size of water droplets and concentration of reducing agents influence the size of the nanoparticles. The reverse micelle method can be used for the fabrication of several nanosized catalysts with a diverse variety of suitable materials including silica, alumina, metals (e.g. Au, Pd, Rh, Pt), metal oxides, etc. The morphology, size distribution and shape of the nanocatalysts make them useable for a wide range of applications, for example, fuel cells, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, environmental protection, etc. The recovery of nanoparticles from the reaction mixture is a challenge for the researchers. This chapter discusses the preparation of nanoparticles using microemulsion techniques, widely being used for the synthesis of nanocatalysts from a wide range of materials.

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Section: Aquathermolysis Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion Route for the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Catalytic Materials

Hussain¹,

Batool²

2017

Properties and Uses of Microemulsions

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“…After more than 30 years of research, many types of catalysts have been used. These catalysts can be classified into three groups: (1) inorganic solid particles, such as mineral particles, metal oxides, metal sulfides (Clark et al 1988;Kök 2009); (2) water soluble metal salts, including nickel, vanadium, iron salts (Chen et al 2008(Chen et al , 2009Yi et al 2009;Luo et al 2011);and (3) oil soluble metal compounds, such as molybdenum oleate (Zhao et al 2008;Yi et al 2009;Jeon et al 2011;Chao et al 2012). More recently, catalysts with surface and interfacial activity have attracted researchers' attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, catalysts with surface and interfacial activity have attracted researchers' attention. They are usually metal complex compounds with a catalytically active metal ion and amphiphilic ligands, such as aromatic sulfonic iron, molybdenum, and nickel (Chen et al 2008Wang et al 2010;Chao et al 2012). Because most of the cracking reactions take place at the water/oil interface, amphiphilic catalysts are expected to show better performance than other type of catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic aquathermolysis of Shengli heavy crude oil with an amphiphilic cobalt catalyst

2016

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An interfacially active cobalt complex, cobalt dodecylbenzenesulfonate, was synthesized. Elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, and surface/interfacial tension determination were performed to investigate the properties of the catalyst. Results showed that the synthesized catalyst showed active interfacial behavior, decreasing the surface tension and interfacial tension between heavy oil and liquid phase to below 30 and 1.5 mN/m, respectively. The catalyst was not thermally degraded at a temperature of 400°C, indicating its high thermal stability. Catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by carrying out aquathermolysis. The viscosity determination showed that the viscosity of the heavy oil decreased by 38 %. The average molecular weight, group compositions, and average molecular structure of various samples were analyzed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR MS), and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance. Results indicated that the catalyst could attack the sulfur-and O 2 -type heteroatomic compounds in asphaltene and resin, especially the compounds with aromatic structure, leading to a decrease in the molecular weight and then the reduction in the viscosity of heavy oil. Therefore, the synthesized catalyst might find an application in catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil, especially for the high-aromaticity heavy oil with high oxygen content.

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“…iron, cobalt, titanium, magnesium, nickel, and copper oxides) are used for adsorption and oxidation of asphaltene molecules to decrease the asphaltene content of a crude oil and upgrade it . Transition metals and their salts are used to catalyze desulphurization and hydrogenation reactions in aquathermolysis processes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy oil upgrading in a hydrodynamic cavitation system: CFD modelling, effect of the presence of hydrogen donor and metal nanoparticles

2016

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The cavitation technique with the use of a proper hydrogen donor can be used to upgrade heavy oils, such as atmospheric and vacuum residues and lower the difficulties of their transportation and exploitation. On the other hand, the very high localized temperature experienced in collapsing bubbles may activate the dispersed metal nanoparticles, and therefore the cracking or hydrogenation reactions may be catalyzed through the cavitation process of heavy oils. This paper investigated numerically the formation of a vapour phase in the cavitation chamber of a home‐made laboratory hydrodynamic cavitation setup and also investigated the upgrading of a sample of heavy fuel oil in the presence of gasoline as a hydrogen donor and metal nanoparticles. The results indicated that adding 0.01 L/L gasoline to a 10‐min cavitational cracking process at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by about 20 %. In addition, the presence of iron nanoparticles can increase the rate of hydrogenation and/or cracking reactions in the heavy oil cavitational upgrading process (HCUP) in the presence of a hydrogen donor.

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Upgrading and visbreaking of super‐heavy oil by catalytic aquathermolysis with aromatic sulfonic copper

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

Microemulsion Route for the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Catalytic Materials

Microemulsion Route for the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Catalytic Materials

Catalytic aquathermolysis of Shengli heavy crude oil with an amphiphilic cobalt catalyst

Heavy oil upgrading in a hydrodynamic cavitation system: CFD modelling, effect of the presence of hydrogen donor and metal nanoparticles

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