Upgrading heavy ends into marketable products. New concepts and new catalysts for two-stage catalytic pyrolysis

Basily, Iskander Kamel; Ahmed, E.; Ibraheam, Nage Nashed

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(94)00888-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Upgrading of bio-oil has been proposed for several years. [13][14][15][16] Zeolites, silica-alumina, molecular sieves and the like were used as cracking catalysts, 17,18 and the type of zeolite catalyst plays a significant role. The final products obtained depend on the characteristics of the catalyst used: aromatic hydrocarbon products are obtained mostly when strong acid, shape selective HZSM-5 zeolites are used, whereas aliphatic hydrocarbons are produced mostly when HY zeolites and silica-alumina are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic pyrolysis of several kinds of bamboos over zeolite NaY

et al. 2006

Green Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic pyrolysis of several kinds of bamboos over zeolite NaY

et al. 2006

Green Chem.

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“…Any processing to convert heavy ends into refined distillates should somewhere include a hydrogen addition step, heteroatom removal step. However, in the two-stage pyrolysis technique, the feed stock can be used without any pretreatment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], regardless of the type of the feed stock used (contaminants are left as pyrolysis residue at the first stage) and the pyrolyzate as then contains high percentage of ethylene and propylene (≈37 wt. % unsaturated) using the normal catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology Role for the Production of Clean Fuel E-85 and Petrochemical Raw Materials

Basily

Shafik

Sarhan

et al. 2012

Journal of Nanotechnology

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There have been a number of substantive technical changes that can be described as revolutionary process and evolutionary process. One of these approaches is the use of nanotechnology in the two-stage pyrolysis of petroleum residues of the heavy distillates separated from the Arabian crude oil. Two-stage catalytic pyrolysis technique proved to be an excellent method for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons (which easily can be converted to alcohol, by addition of H2O, for the production of E-85, i.e., clean fuel) regardless the type of feed stocks used. Basically, the catalysts are arranged into three large groups; amorphous and crystalline alumino-silicates, alkaline or alkaline earth alumino compounds, and different metal oxides on different catalyst carriers such as Zeolites. The high yield of ethylene (30–40%) brought by different catalysts at temperatures of 700–750°C appear to justify the intensive research work in this field.

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“…Economic advantages are particularly apparent if such crude oil fractions are pretreated and used as pyrolysis feeds, for which the price difference is considerable when compared to the naphtha fraction [13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%