Upgrading of furfural to biofuel precursors via aldol condensation with acetone over magnesium hydroxide fluorides MgF_2−x(OH)_x

Abstract

MgF2−x(OH)x catalysts involving neighboring Lewis acid sites and moderate strength basic sites were used successfully in aldol condensation of furfural.

Chemical valorisation of biomass derived furanics and carboxylic acids over niobium-based catalysts

“…Based on these results and supportive literature data, 20,[44][45][46]72 the overall mechanistic proposal for Fur conversion is presented in Scheme 2. According to the literature, C8 may be formed via dehydration of the intermediate 4-(furan-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-one (C8OH), 22,43,[72][73][74] and, on the other hand, C13 may be formed via the dehydration of the intermediate 1,5-di(furan-2yl)-5-hydroxypent-1-en-3-one (C13OH). 16,22,23,43 C8OH is relatively unstable (may rapidly dehydrate to the α,β-unsaturated ketone C8), 73 which may partly explain the fact that C8OH was always present in very small amounts (<3% yield).…”

“…The fact that the total selectivity was lower than 100% for the two tests suggested that C8 and/or the remaining products may be partly converted to byproducts. Based on these results and supportive literature data, 20,[44][45][46]72 the overall mechanistic proposal for Fur conversion is presented in Scheme 2. According to the literature, C8 may be formed via dehydration of the intermediate 4-(furan-2-yl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-one (C8OH), 22,43,[72][73][74] and, on the other hand, C13 may be formed via the dehydration of the intermediate 1,5-di(furan-2yl)-5-hydroxypent-1-en-3-one (C13OH).…”

Synthesis of biofuel precursors from benzaldehyde and cyclopentanone via aldehyde–ketone condensation in a deep eutectic solvent system

“…), etc. 24,25 These catalysts are conducive to the effective conversion of BDPC for the production of high-quality biofuels. However, the solidphase heavy components are primarily formed in A-K condensation process, resulting in the deactivation of most catalysts due to the deposition of the components on the surface of catalysts.…”

Mg–O–F Nanocomposite Catalysts Defend against Global Warming via the Efficient, Dynamic, and Rapid Capture of CO2 at Different Temperatures under Ambient Pressure

“…Furthermore, pure MgF 2 is considered to be a suitable and effective sintering additive for the preparation of certain types of ceramics, 28,29 in manufacturing transparent IR windows, 30 in solar thermal technology, 31 MgF 2−x (OH) x during aldol condensation of furfural and acetone. 32 On the occasion of the 27th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP27), which will be held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in November 2022, two research teams from South Valley University (Egypt) and Queen's University Belfast (UK) collaborated in a vital effort to combat global warming. Herein, our samples were prepared using a direct and simple method and exhibited a relatively high surface area and a superior reactivity toward CO 2 capture at 5 and 30 °C, despite a limited CO 2 flow time (1 h) throughout the samples.…”

“…In this regard, this study can be viewed as proactive research into using these mixtures. Furthermore, pure MgF 2 is considered to be a suitable and effective sintering additive for the preparation of certain types of ceramics, , in manufacturing transparent IR windows, in solar thermal technology, and as a catalyst in the form of MgF 2– x (OH) x during aldol condensation of furfural and acetone …”