“…4 However, as well as the crude oils, the fatty esters are still associated with poor fuel properties such as low heating value, high viscosity, and low oxidative stability. 5,6 Additionally, the high oxygen content of this biofuel also results in poor cold ow properties, strongly limiting their use as blends with fossil fuels for diverse applications. 7 Therefore, technical approaches for deoxygenating vegetable oils and their derived biofuels are important targets for increasing their compatibility with petroleum-based fuel infrastructure.…”