UPLC-MS-Based Metabolomics Profiling for α-Glucosidase Inhibiting Property of Parkia speciosa Pods

Abstract

Parkia speciosa is a food plant that grows indigenously in Southeast Asia. A great deal of interest has been paid to this plant due to its traditional uses in the treatment of several diseases. The pods contain many beneficial secondary metabolites with potential applications in medicine and cosmetics. However, studies on their phytochemical properties are still lacking. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to profile the bioactive compounds of P. speciosa pods collected from six different regions of Malaysia through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. This study applied metabolomics to elucidate the differences between P. speciosa populations found naturally in the different locations and to characterize potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from P. speciosa pods. P. speciosa collected from different regions of Malaysia showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.45–0.76 μg/mL. The samples from the northern and northeastern parts of Peninsular Malaysia showed the highest activity. Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 25 metabolites were identified in the pods of P. speciosa. The findings unveiled that the pods of P. speciosa collected from different locations exhibit different levels of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The pods are a natural source of potent antidiabetic bioactive compounds.

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Citrus hystrix DC and Its Bioactive Compounds on Metabolic Disorders

“…It appears that the increased polarity of certain compounds conferred the beneficial properties. α-Amylase hydrolyzes starch into disaccharides [48], while α-glucosidase converts disaccharides into monosaccharides before absorption into a portal vein [49]. In terms of antioxidant properties, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest activity followed by the water residue and hexane fraction.…”

Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cells by Modulating the Ang II/ROS/NO Axis and MAPK Pathway

“…Parkia speciosa Hassk., a leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae, grows indigenously in Southeast Asia and has traditionally been used to manage hypertension ( Azliza et al, 2012 ) and heart problems ( Yullia, 2008 ). The plant’s empty pods have been reported to display various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory ( Mustafa et al, 2018 ; Gui et al, 2019a ), antioxidant ( Gui et al, 2019b ), and α-glucosidase-inhibiting ( Saleh et al, 2021 ) properties. Extracts from its pods contain a higher antioxidant capacity than its seeds ( Kamisah et al, 2013 ), likely associated with the pod’s flavonoid and phenolic components, including gallic acid, quercetin, gossypetin, and catechin ( Ko et al, 2014 ; Saleh et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The plant’s empty pods have been reported to display various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory ( Mustafa et al, 2018 ; Gui et al, 2019a ), antioxidant ( Gui et al, 2019b ), and α-glucosidase-inhibiting ( Saleh et al, 2021 ) properties. Extracts from its pods contain a higher antioxidant capacity than its seeds ( Kamisah et al, 2013 ), likely associated with the pod’s flavonoid and phenolic components, including gallic acid, quercetin, gossypetin, and catechin ( Ko et al, 2014 ; Saleh et al, 2021 ). Experiments in hypertensive rats support the pods’ hypotensive and cardioprotective properties ( Kamisah et al, 2017 ).…”

Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting MAPK and Calcineurin-NFATC3 Signaling Pathways

“…It is traditionally used to alleviate hypertension and maintain cardiovascular health [ 17 ]. The plant’s empty pod possesses diverse biological properties, including antioxidant [ 18 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 , 20 ], hypotensive [ 21 ], and antidiabetic [ 22 , 23 ] properties. These properties have been associated with the presence of several compounds, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids (e.g., gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, rutin, gossypetin, and catechin), triterpenes, and polysaccharides [ 23 , 24 ].…”

“…The plant’s empty pod possesses diverse biological properties, including antioxidant [ 18 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 , 20 ], hypotensive [ 21 ], and antidiabetic [ 22 , 23 ] properties. These properties have been associated with the presence of several compounds, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids (e.g., gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, rutin, gossypetin, and catechin), triterpenes, and polysaccharides [ 23 , 24 ]. The crude ethanol extract of this plant exhibits a protective effect against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and the angiotensin II (Ang II)/ROS/nitric oxide (Ang II/ROS/NO) axis [ 14 ].…”