Uplift of the Meratus Complex: Sedimentology, Biostratigraphy, Provenance and Structure

Witts, Duncan; Davies, Lorin; Morley, Robert J.

doi:10.29118/ipa.0.14.g.082

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The Dahor Formation is tectonic mollase which was deposited in Barito Basin during the Early Miocene -Pleistocene Meratus Uplift (Satyana et. al., 1994in Sapiie & Rifiyanto, 2017Witts et. al., 2014).…”

Section: Stratigraphy and Deformation Stylementioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Geotech - 25 Years of Innovation

Hammah¹,

Yacoub²,

McQuillan³

et al. 2021

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I have been teaching and researching rock engineering and practicing as a consultant since 1972. I have spent most of that time in underground mining. I have seen significant changes, both evolutionary and radical, in the sector. In this paper, I reflect on some of these changes in mining geomechanical practice. I will also comment on some of the positive and occasionally less positive impacts of these changes. One constant throughout my career is that geomechanical designs will always be fraught with uncertainty. As a result, we will discuss geomechanical design as being, in its essence, a risk management exercise. I will argue that, as impressive as modern numerical analysis techniques are, they do not on their own mitigate design risk; under worst-case scenarios, they make things worse. Empirical and simple models must be used as a check. The paper intends to provoke healthy skepticism in geomechanics practitioners, designers and managers regarding all the aspects of the geomechanical analysis and design process. A failure to recognize the risks in these processes can have catastrophic effects.

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Section: Stratigraphy and Deformation Stylementioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Geotech - 25 Years of Innovation

Hammah¹,

Yacoub²,

McQuillan³

et al. 2021

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“…In the present study, we investigate a 20-m-thick coal seam in the Warukin Formation (BL1) exposed in the Jumbang open pit mine in the Asem-Asem Basin. The Asem-Asem Basin, located near the southern tip of Kalimantan Island, is considered a sub-basin of the larger Barito Basin, from which it is separated today by the Meratus Complex (Witts et al, 2014;Fig. 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic geochemistry and petrography of Miocene ombrotrophic coals in the tropical Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan, Indonesia): Comparison to coeval subtropical coals in the Eastern Alps

Fikri

Sachsenhofer

Bechtel

et al. 2023

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

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The middle Miocene Warukin Formation in the Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan) contains a 20-m-thick coal seam (BL1) that is mined at the Jumbang mine. The seam, formed in a tropical peat, was studied to reconstruct the peat-forming environment and to compare its characteristics with those of similarly aged tropical coals from the Tutupan mine in the Barito Basin (Kalimantan) and similarly aged (~15 Ma) subtropical coal from the Leoben Basin in the Eastern Alps (Austria). Although all coals were formed in ombrotrophic peatlands, the comparison reveals differences in biomarker and maceral composition due to the different climate and flora. The study is based on 22 coal and three non–coal samples, each representing a stratigraphic interval of 0.2 to 1.0 m. The samples were analyzed for ash yield, carbon and sulphur contents, and maceral composition. Organic geochemical parameters were obtained on eight coal samples to obtain information on the peat-forming vegetation. The low-ash, low-sulphur BL1 seam was deposited in an ombrotrophic basinal (coastal) mire. Locally increased sulphur contents in the lower coal bench BL1L demonstrate brackish influence and a near-shore environment. The vegetation was dominated by angiosperms including abundant dammar resin producing Dipterocarpaceae, while the contribution of gymnosperms was negligible. The Tutupan seams T110 and T210, which were formed in kerapah (inland) ombrotrophic mires, have similar ash yields and sulphur contents but contain higher, although still low, concentrations of gymnosperm-derived diterpenoids. In addition, lower amounts of cadinane-type biomarkers and resinite suggest that Dipterocarpaceae were less dominant in kerapah peats. While differences between tropical coals from Kalimantan are minor, major differences exist between the tropical coals and the subtropical ombrotrophic Leoben coal. These include significantly higher concentrations of gymnosperm-derived biomarkers in subtropical peat, lower amounts of resinite due to the absence of Dipterocarpaceae, as wells as lower amounts of leaf- and rootlet-derived macerals. Apparently, fungal activity was also reduced in the sub-tropical Leoben peat. Surprisingly, the average amount of oxidized plant remains is also lower in the subtropical peat.

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“…The coal-bearing sedimentary rocks thicken to the east towards the Meratus Range, whereas the coal seams have significant variation in thickness, ranging from 0.5 m to ~50 m. This formation has a total thickness of sediments of up to several thousands of meters [9], was deposited in a shallow marine to fluvio-deltaic environment [26], and comprises the syn-inversion sequence of the basin [9]. The Meratus uplift continued from the Pliocene through the Plio-Pleistocene [7,10] and resulted in the deposition of polymict alluvial, shallow marine sediment and tectonic molasse of the Dahor Formation, which comprise the syn-inversion sequence of the basin [25,26]. The Dahor Formation consists mostly of reddish sandstone, polymict conglomerate and siltstone with an indication of kaolinitic features.…”

Section: Geology Of Barito Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Middle Eocene [5,11,24,25], the Barito Basin received rift sediments eroded from the Paleocene horsts [7,9,19], which form the clastic sedimentary rocks of the Tanjung Formation. The Tanjung Formation is widely exposed in the northern part of the Barito Basin and along the western flank of the Meratus Range.…”

Section: Geology Of Barito Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Early Miocene marked the initiation phase of Meratus uplift [10,25], which changed the setting from transgressive to regressive, resulting in the deposition of the prograding deltaic sediments of the Warukin Formation [7,9]. The Warukin Formation is widely exposed in the northern part of the Barito Basin and along the western flanks of the Meratus Range.…”

Section: Geology Of Barito Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonics and Geological Factors Controlling Cleat Development in the Barito Basin, Indonesia

Sapiie

Rifiyanto

2017

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. Cleats are natural fractures within coal seams. This paper presents the results of regional cleat mapping and characterization in relation to coalbed methane (CBM) exploration and development in the Barito Basin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia involving two major coal layers, namely the Late Eocene Tanjung Formation and Early to Middle Miocene Warukin Formation with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 50 m. The coal is classified as lignite to subbituminous with calorific values ranging from 6000-8000 Cal/gr with ash content 0.68-17.42%. We applied two methods of cleat measurement, i.e. scanline and window sampling using a 100 x 100 cm grid. More than 20,000 cleats were measured from 65 scanline and 37 window sampling locations. The results revealed that face and butt cleats are predominantly oriented in the WNW-ESE and NNE-SSW directions, respectively. The results showed that cleat density increases related to structural position such as fold hinge and fault zone. The formation of the cleats may be influenced by several geological processes, where the cleats, which form during coalification, are superimposed by later processes such as fluid pressure and tectonic stresses and are seemingly also affected by the composition of the coal.

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Uplift of the Meratus Complex: Sedimentology, Biostratigraphy, Provenance and Structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Evolution of Geotech - 25 Years of Innovation

The Evolution of Geotech - 25 Years of Innovation

Organic geochemistry and petrography of Miocene ombrotrophic coals in the tropical Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan, Indonesia): Comparison to coeval subtropical coals in the Eastern Alps

Tectonics and Geological Factors Controlling Cleat Development in the Barito Basin, Indonesia

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