“…This is highly relevant, since the use of data for pupils' learning (data literacy) has not been, and is still not, an issue in Norwegian teacher education (Ffl 2015;NRLU 2016aNRLU , 2016bWerler & Volckmar, 2015). Until recently, data were primarily used at the system and policy level (Lawn, 2013) to guide policy decisions and evaluate education reforms (Grek, 2009;Meyer & Benavot, 2013;Prøitz, 2015;Takayama, 2008). However, in recent years there has been a tendency to argue for the use of assessment (of learning) data in classrooms (Thomas & Brady, 2005;Udir, 2014, p. 1;Wells, 2009).…”