Upper Extremity and Hip Range of Motion Changes Throughout a Season in Professional Baseball Players

Chan, Justin; Zajac, John M.; Erickson, Brandon J.; Altchek, David W.; Camp, Christopher L.; Coleman, Struan H.; Dines, Joshua S.

doi:10.1177/0363546519894567

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…124 Furthermore, significant decreases in range of motion are common, especially in the shoulder, towards the end of the season. 124,125 Therefore, to protect from injury or time lost, baseball athletes need to maintain optimal strength without adversely affecting performance or tissue quality. BFR has been shown to improve strength, endurance, and lean mass about the upper extremity with relatively low loads which would be particularly helpful for the baseball athlete.…”

Section: Injury Prevention and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Rehabilitation and Return to Sport: The Paradox of Proximal Performance

Hedt

McCulloch

Harris

et al. 2022

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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The use of blood flow restriction (BFR) within rehabilitation is rapidly increasing as further research is performed elucidating purported benefits such as improved muscular strength and size, neuromuscular control, decreased pain, and increased bone mineral density. Interestingly, these benefits are not isolated to structures distal to the occlusive stimulus. Proximal gains are of high interest to rehabilitation professionals, especially those working with patients who are limited due to pain or postsurgical precautions. The review to follow will focus on current evidence and ongoing hypotheses regarding physiologic responses to BFR, current clinical applications, proximal responses to BFR training, potential practical applications for rehabilitation and injury prevention, and directions for future research. Interestingly, benefits have been found in musculature proximal to the occlusive stimulus, which may lend promise to a greater variety of patient populations and conditions. Furthermore, an increasing demand for BFR use in the sports world warrants further research for performance research and recovery. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

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Section: Injury Prevention and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Rehabilitation and Return to Sport: The Paradox of Proximal Performance

Hedt

McCulloch

Harris

et al. 2022

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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“…Thus, potential changes in hip, knee and ankle ROMs over the course of the in-season phase were not monitored. In this sense, previous study analyzing changes in ADF KF and hip (HIR and HER) ROMs over the course of a competitive season for professional male football ( Moreno-Pérez et al, 2020 ) and baseball ( Camp et al, 2018 ; Chan et al, 2020 ) players, respectively, reported statistically significant ( p < 0.05) decreases in ADF KF and HER ROMs from pre-season to post-season. Although these documented changes in ADF KF and HER ROMs were defined as statistically significant, their magnitudes (approximately 3° and 6° for ADF KF and HER, respectively) may be considered as not relevant from a clinical standpoint as they did not exceed the value of 1.5 times (80–90% of certainty) the magnitudes of the standard error of the measurement (SEM) reported in previously published reliability studies ( Gómez-Jiménez et al, 2015 ; Gradoz et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comprehensive Lower Extremities Joints Range of Motion Profile in Futsal Players

et al. 2021

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The purposes of this study were to describe the lower extremities joints range of motion (ROM) profile using a comprehensive approach in futsal players and to examine potential player position (goalkeepers vs. outfield players), competitive level (first [top] division vs. second division), number of playing years, sex (males vs. females), and bilateral (dominant limb vs. non-dominant limb) differences. A total of 72 male and 67 female elite futsal players from 11 clubs were measured of passive hip (flexion with knee flexed [HFKF] and extended [HFKE], extension [HE], abduction [HA], external [HER], and internal [HIR] rotation), knee (flexion [KF]) and ankle (dorsiflexion with knee flexed [ADFKF] and extended [ADFKE]) ROMs. Bayesian inferences exploring differences between player position, competitive level, sex and limb were made. A Bayesian correlation analysis was conducted to explore the influence of playing years on joints ROMs. The results showed no significant player position or competitive level related differences in any average ROM score. However, statistically significant sex-related differences were documented whereby female players reported higher hip and knee joints ROM average values than their male counterparts. Especially relevant were the proportions of males (72%) and players from teams engaged in the second division (61%) displaying limited HFKE ROMs. Likewise, around 35% of all players showed restricted ADFKF ROMs. In addition, approximately 21, 18, 22, and 25% of the futsal players were identified as having bilateral asymmetries (≥8°) for HA, HIR, HER, and KF ROMs, respectively. Finally, Bayesian correlation analysis did not report any significant association between years of playing futsal and ROM measures (all r values < 0.34). The implications that these restricted HFKE and ADFKF ROMs and bilateral asymmetries in hip (abduction, internal and external rotation) and knee (flexion) ROMs caused by the practice of futsal may have on physical performance and injury risk warrant future research.

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“…While previous studies have focused on workload, pitch velocity, shoulder range of motion, and other individual factors, there are no data surrounding weather or game variables and injury risk. 6,8,21,35,37 The authors' hypotheses were incorrect, as colder temperatures and longer game durations were not significant risk factors for injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Weather and Game Factors on Injury Rates in Professional Baseball Players

et al. 2022

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Background: Injury rates in baseball players of all ages are increasing. Identifying modifiable risk factors is paramount to implementing injury prevention programs. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to evaluate the influence of weather (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and heat index) and game factors (start time, duration, single vs doubleheader) on injury rates in professional baseball players. We hypothesized that colder temperatures would be associated with significantly more injuries per game. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a retrospective database study. Two data sets were combined: 1 containing all injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball between 2011 and 2017 and 1 containing all games played in Major and Minor League Baseball during the same period to determine the number of injuries per game. Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and heat index were determined for each game using the data from the US Environmental Protection Agency. Additional game variables included the level of play, the turf type (natural vs artificial grass), the stadium type (open vs dome vs retractable), the game start time, the game duration, and whether the game was a doubleheader. Then, a multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which factors were associated with the number of injuries per game. Results: In total, our analysis included 33,587 injuries and 76,747 games. A total of 25,776 (33.6%) games contained an injury, and 41% of injuries occurred as multiples per game, with up to 9 injuries per game. The multivariate analysis identified significant associations between game duration and injuries per game ( P < .001; effect size, 0.013) and the level of play and injuries per game ( P < .001; effect size, 0.011). There were significant associations between the venue type ( P < .001), the game start time ( P < .001), humidity ( P < .001), the turf type ( P = .016), and barometric pressure ( P = .031); however, the effect size for each was <0.001, suggesting that these factors are clinically unimportant. Our overall model produced an R2 of 0.04, indicating that these variables only predicted 4% of the variance in injury risk. Conclusion: In professional baseball, the weather is not associated with injury risk; however, game duration may contribute to injury risk.

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Upper Extremity and Hip Range of Motion Changes Throughout a Season in Professional Baseball Players

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Rehabilitation and Return to Sport: The Paradox of Proximal Performance

Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Rehabilitation and Return to Sport: The Paradox of Proximal Performance

Comprehensive Lower Extremities Joints Range of Motion Profile in Futsal Players

Effect of Weather and Game Factors on Injury Rates in Professional Baseball Players

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