Upper GI bleeding in healthy full-term infants: a case-control study

Upper GI bleeding among neonates admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda: A prospective cohort study

“…While ranitidine prophylaxis decreases the incidence of UGIB in critically ill children 9,14,15 , it is not known whether the prevalence in this study would have been lower than 23.0% had the study subjects received ranitidine prophylaxis against UGIB. As previously reported 3,9,16 , this study has supported the association between birth asphyxia and UGIB. UGIB in neonates with birth asphyxia has been attributed to stress of illness, which is a known risk for gastric ulceration occurring in up to 20% of patients cared for in the neonatal ICU 9 .…”

“…In this study, all subjects received routine prophylactic antibiotics, an intervention that could have reduced the prevalence of septicemia and thrombocytopenia. While studies show that maternal medication (aspirin, heparin, indomethacin) increase the risk of UGIB in the neonates 16,21 , this study did not find any such association, partly because of the small numbers since only 2 mothers were on heparin, 2 aspirin and none on warfarin.…”

Paediatrics

“…Reported causes include gastritis, oesophagitis, and ulcers, mainly gastric or oesophageal. Duodenal ulcers (DU) are uncommon with an incidence of 1.2% in bleeding neonates 1 . Metabolic acidosis, hypovolaemia, hypoxaemia, raised intracranial pressure and hypoglycaemia have all been reported to increase the risk of bleeding 1 .…”

“…Duodenal ulcers (DU) are uncommon with an incidence of 1.2% in bleeding neonates 1 . Metabolic acidosis, hypovolaemia, hypoxaemia, raised intracranial pressure and hypoglycaemia have all been reported to increase the risk of bleeding 1 . Additional risk factors including preterm birth, intensive care patients, coagulation disorders, sepsis, milk protein intolerance, and nasogastric tube trauma have been reported in neonates.…”

“…Parent perceive a low QOL than the children perceive. 1 and often complain they do not sense the urge to defaecate, leading to faecal impaction, impeding the defaecation process 2 . Normal defaecation requires a high degree of coordination to achieve the evacuation of faeces from the rectum, involving smooth and striated muscle and the central, somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems.…”