Upper Limit on the Diffuse Radio Background from GZK Photon Observation

Gelmini, Graciela B.; Kalashev, O.; Semikoz, D.

doi:10.3390/universe8080402

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The composition of UHECR: so far, the UHECR primary is considered to be proton only. However, the recent data by Auger [6,[61][62][63][64][65][66] suggests that the UHECR could be composed of heavy elements but the fractional component of these heavy elements is still debatable [36,67,68]. The presence of heavy elements along with protons might lead to lowering of the fluxes of GZK neutrinos and GZK photons [69][70][71].…”

Section: Gzk Flux: Dependence On Source Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we discuss the composition effect on the GZK secondaries. [36,67,68]. The presence of heavy elements along with protons would lead to lowering of the fluxes of GZK neutrinos and GZK photons [69][70][71].…”

Section: B2 Dependence On the Composition Of Uhecrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the attenuation of GZK photons by the ERB is not very well-estimated, primarily because models JCAP01(2024)058 describing the ERB spectrum have large uncertainties [33,34]. These model uncertainties can cascade to the GZK photon flux prediction and can give rise to the substantial uncertainties [35][36][37]. Apart from these uncertainties, the ARCADE2 experiment [38] has detected an excess ERB at GHz frequencies and can influence the prediction of the GZK photon flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We take into account the different ERB models that account for uncertainties in the estimation of ERB [33,34]. We also include the rarely explored ARCADE2 radio results [35,36]. We analyse the propagation of GZK photons with different ERB models and uncertainties independently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong deflection of the UHECRs in magnetic field could occur only in dense regions such as UHECR sources and in Milky-way. The deflection due to the EGMF is taken to be negligible[35,36].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A relook at the GZK neutrino-photon connection: impact of extra-galactic radio background & UHECR properties

Chakraborty,

Mehta,

Sarmah

2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the universe at extreme energies. Secondary GZK photons and GZK neutrinos associated with the same interaction are indeed interconnected and render access to multi-messenger analysis of UHECRs. The GZK photon flux is heavily attenuated due to the interaction with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Extra-galactic Radio Background (ERB). The present estimate of the ERB comprising of several model uncertainties together with the ARCADE2 radio results in large propagation uncertainties in the GZK photon flux. On the other hand, the weakly interacting GZK neutrino flux is unaffected by these propagation effects. In this work, we make an updated estimate of the GZK photon and GZK neutrino fluxes considering a wide variation of both the production and propagation properties of the UHECR like, the spectral index, the cut-off energy of the primary spectrum, the distribution of sources and the uncertainties in the ERB estimation. We explore the detection prospects of the GZK fluxes with various present and upcoming UHECR and UHE neutrino detectors such as Auger, TA, GRAND, ANITA, ARA, IceCube and IceCube-Gen2. The predicted fluxes are found to be beyond the reach of the current detectors. In future, proposed IceCube-Gen2, Auger upgrade and GRAND experiments will have the sensitivity to the predicted GZK photon and GZK neutrino fluxes. Such detection can put constraints on the UHECR source properties and the propagation effects due to the ERB. We also propose an indirect limit on the GZK photon flux using the neutrino-photon connection for any future detection of GZK neutrinos by the IceCube-Gen2 detector. We find this limit to be consistent with our GZK flux predictions.

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Section: Gzk Flux: Dependence On Source Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B2 Dependence On the Composition Of Uhecrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A relook at the GZK neutrino-photon connection: impact of extra-galactic radio background & UHECR properties

Chakraborty,

Mehta,

Sarmah

2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Can accreting primordial black holes explain the excess radio background?

Acharya

Dhandha

Chluba

2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The excess radio background seen at ≃ 0.1 − 10 GHz has stimulated much scientific debate in the past years. Recently, it was pointed out that the soft photon emission from accreting primordial black holes may be able to explain this signal. We show that the expected ultraviolet photon emission from these accreting black holes would ionize the universe completely at z > 6 and thus wash out the 21 cm absorption signature at z ≃ 20 as well as be in tension with existing cosmic microwave background anisotropy and average spectral distortion limits. We discuss possible augmentations of the model; however, it seems that an explanation of radio excess by accreting primordial black holes is not well-justified.

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Search for photons above 1018 eV by simultaneously measuring the atmospheric depth and the muon content of air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abdul Halim,

Abreu,

Aglietta

et al. 2024

Phys. Rev. D

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The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive instrument to detect photons with energies above 1017 eV. It measures extensive air showers generated by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays using a hybrid technique that exploits the combination of a fluorescence detector with a ground array of particle detectors. The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced cascades. In this work, a new analysis technique in the energy interval between 1 and 30 EeV (1 EeV=1018 eV) has been developed by combining the fluorescence detector-based measurement of Xmax with the specific features of the surface detector signal through a parameter related to the air shower muon content, derived from the universality of the air shower development. No evidence of a statistically significant signal due to photon primaries was found using data collected in about 12 years of operation. Thus, upper bounds to the integral photon flux have been set using a detailed calculation of the detector exposure, in combination with a data-driven background estimation. The derived 95% confidence level upper limits are 0.0403, 0.01113, 0.0035, 0.0023, and 0.0021 km−2 sr−1 yr−1 above 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 EeV, respectively, leading to the most stringent upper limits on the photon flux in the EeV range. Compared with past results, the upper limits were improved by about 40% for the lowest energy threshold and by a factor 3 above 3 EeV, where no candidates were found and the expected background is negligible. The presented limits can be used to probe the assumptions on chemical composition of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and allow for the constraint of the mass and lifetime phase space of super-heavy dark matter particles. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Upper Limit on the Diffuse Radio Background from GZK Photon Observation

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

A relook at the GZK neutrino-photon connection: impact of extra-galactic radio background & UHECR properties

A relook at the GZK neutrino-photon connection: impact of extra-galactic radio background & UHECR properties

Can accreting primordial black holes explain the excess radio background?

Search for photons above 1018 eV by simultaneously measuring the atmospheric depth and the muon content of air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

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