2006
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.73.063009
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Upper limit on the ultrahigh-energy photon flux from AGASA and Yakutsk data

Abstract: We present the interpretation of the muon and scintillation signals of ultra-high-energy air showers observed by AGASA and Yakutsk extensive air shower array experiments. We consider case-by-case ten highest energy events with known muon content and conclude that at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) none of them was induced by a primary photon. Taking into account statistical fluctuations and differences in the energy estimation of proton and photon primaries, we derive an upper limit of 36% at 95% C.L. on the f… Show more

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Cited by 66 publications
(80 citation statements)
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“…AGASA and Yakutsk data [45]; however, the energies reconstructed for the AGASA events in that work are in conflict with those given by the AGASA group.…”
contrasting
confidence: 48%
“…AGASA and Yakutsk data [45]; however, the energies reconstructed for the AGASA events in that work are in conflict with those given by the AGASA group.…”
contrasting
confidence: 48%
“…The fraction of photons f c in the cosmic-ray flux integrated above an energy threshold E thr is given by [31], Yakutsk (Y) [32], Haverah Park (HP) [5,6]. In black the limits from the Auger surface detector (Auger SD) [2] and in blue the limits above 2, 3, 5, and 10 EeV derived in this work (Auger HYB).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The method is conservative by construction and doesn't require any assumptions about hadroninduced showers. This modification of the original method does not require the C-observable to be strongly discriminating (like the muon density used in previous applications [6,7,9]). …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several limits on the UHE photon flux have been set by independent experiments, including Haverah Park [4], AGASA [5], Yakutsk [6,7] (see also reanalyses of the AGASA [8] and AGASA+Yakutsk [9] data at the highest energies) and the Pierre Auger Observatory [10][11][12], but no evidence for primary photons found at present. Photon limits may be used to constrain the parameters of top-down models [13] and in the future photon search may be used to assess the parameters of astrophysical sources in Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin [14,15] cut-off scenario which predict photons as everpresent secondaries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%