Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila

Maneesha, K.; Murty, V. S. N.; Ravichandran, M.; Lee, T.; Yu, Weidong; McPhaden, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.06.006

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several previous studies suggested that TCs (or typhoons) are responsible for the cooling of sea surface temperature (SST) behind storms (Maneesha et al, ; Sengupta et al, ; Vidya & Das, ; Warner et al, ) and increase of chlorophyll a (Chl a ) concentrations based on ocean‐color satellite data and in situ observations (Chacko, ; Chen et al, ; Sarangi et al, ; Vidya & Das, ) in the BoB and other regions due to the storm‐induced wind‐pump effects (Sheng et al, ; Song & Tang, ; Ye et al, ). It was found that the storm‐induced SST cooling is about 3 times larger during the premonsoon season than during the postmonsoon season because of the thick barrier layer (BL) and deep thermocline in winter (Neetu et al, ; Sengupta et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2019

JGR Oceans

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The impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on the CO 2 partial pressure at the sea surface (pCO 2sea ) and air-sea CO 2 flux (F CO2 ) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) was quantified based on satellite data and in situ observations between November 2013 and January 2017. The in situ observations were made at the BoB Ocean Acidification mooring buoy. A weak time-mean net source of 55.78 ± 11.16 mmol CO 2 m À2 year À1 at the BoB Ocean Acidification site was estimated during this period. A wide range in increases of pCO 2sea (1.0-14.8 μatm) induced by TCs occurred in postmonsoon (October-December), and large decreases of pCO 2sea (À14.0 μatm) occurred in premonsoon (March-May). Large vertical differences in the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to total alkalinity (TA) in the upper layer (ΔDIC/TA) were responsible for increasing pCO 2sea in postmonsoon. Relatively small values of ΔDIC/TA were responsible for decreasing pCO 2sea in premonsoon. Five TCs (Hudhud, Five, Kyant, Vardah, and Roanu) were considered. Hudhud significantly enhanced CO 2 efflux (18.49 ± 3.70 mmol CO 2 /m 2 ) in oversaturated areas due to the wind effect during the storm and wind-pump effects after the storm. Vardah insignificantly changed F CO2 (1.22 ± 0.24 mmol CO 2 /m 2 ) in undersaturated areas because of the counteraction of these two effects. Roanu significantly enhanced CO 2 efflux (19.08 ± 3.82 mmol CO 2 /m 2 ) in highly oversaturated conditions (ΔpCO 2 > 20 μatm) since the wind effect greatly exceeded the wind-pump effects. These five TCs were estimated to account for 55 ± 23% of the annual-mean CO 2 annual efflux, suggesting that TCs have significant impacts on the carbon cycle in the BoB.Plain Language Summary We examined the impact by five tropical cyclones on the sea surface pCO 2 and air-sea CO 2 exchange using Bay of Bengal Ocean Acidification moored buoy measurements over the Bay of Bengal. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the different effects of tropical cyclones and vertical differences in the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon to total alkalinity in the upper layer on the sea surface pCO 2 and local air-sea CO 2 flux.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2019

JGR Oceans

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“…There have been some attempt to address this anomaly by attributing it to the episodic but unusually high chlorophyll biomass in the BoB under the influence of tropical cyclones [ Madhu et al ., ; Maneesha et al ., ] as well as mesoscale eddies [ Prasanna Kumar et al ., ]. Though the enhancement of chlorophyll biomass in response to the passage of cyclones [ Nayak et al ., ; Rao et al ., ; Patra et al ., ; Vinayachandran and Mathew , ] and mesoscale eddies [ Prasanna Kumar et al ., ; Muraleedharan et al ., 2007; Nuncio , ; Nuncio and Prasanna Kumar , ] are relatively well studied in the BoB, the mechanistic connection between the production of organic carbon in the upper ocean and its export to deeper waters in the BoB is still largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mesoscale eddies on the variability of biogenic flux in the northern and central Bay of Bengal

Vidya

Kumar

2013

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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Mesoscale cyclonic eddies (cold core) are though known to enhance the phytoplankton biomass in the Bay of Bengal, their contribution to the carbon export to the deep ocean are yet to be quantified. Using biogenic flux data obtained from the sediment traps, located at 17°27′N, 89°13′E (northern Bay of Bengal trap: NBBT) and 13°07′N, 84°24′E (central Bay of Bengal trap: CBBT), we explored the variability of biogenic flux in response to cyclonic eddies. Temporal variation of the biogenic flux at NBBT (1994–1998) and CBBT (1993–1996) showed four distinct peaks with no well‐defined seasonal pattern. The inverse relationship between the high flux events and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) along with the dominant periodicity of 10–15 weeks from the Chi‐square analysis of SSHA confirmed the role of eddies in the observed higher biogenic fluxes. During the eddy events, enhanced opal flux suggested eddy‐driven new production, while lower carbonate to opal ratio along with high organic carbon indicated large export via diatoms. Finally, we show that 42% of the total organic carbon collected at mid‐depth (∼1000 m) in the Bay of Bengal is contributed by eddy‐driven processes via diatom bloom making it a regional sink for CO2.

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“…Several researchers explored TC‐induced oceanic responses through detailed case studies carried out on BoB TCs, namely, Sidr, Phailin, Nargis, Laila, Mala, and Jal, using both models (Prakash & Pant, ; Qiu et al, ; Vissa et al, ) and observations (Chaudhuri et al, ; Girishkumar et al, ; Maneesha et al, ; Vissa et al, ). The significant responses to TCs such as a decrease in sea surface temperature (SST), increase in salinity, mixed layer deepening, thermocline shoaling, enhanced heat loss to the atmosphere, and increase in chlorophyll‐a concentration are well documented (Price, ; Krishna et al, ; Sengupta et al, ; Vinayachandran & Mathew, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Sub‐surface Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Phailin: Role of Pre‐existing Oceanic Features

2019

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The upper oceanic thermal response induced by Tropical Cyclone Phailin (9-14 October 2013) under the influence of East India Coastal Current (EICC) and a cyclonic eddy is investigated and contrasted with the response from open ocean region using a high-resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulation. There is significant cooling (7 • C) inside the cold core eddy and negligible cooling (0.5 • C) within the EICC region characterized by the shallow and deeper thermocline, respectively. Our analysis of mixed layer heat budget terms showed that the horizontal advection plays a significant role in determining the temperature tendency for the location within the EICC, in contrary to the general dominance of vertical processes as reported in previous studies during the cyclone period. The analysis for the locations inside eddy and open ocean concurs with the previous studies showing the dominance of vertical processes toward the temperature tendency. Further, near the coast, the surface cooling is minimal compared to the subsurface cooling, dominantly seen between 50-and 100-m depth. This disparity indicates that the factors responsible for the surface temperature anomalies are different from those of subsurface. Our analysis of thermal signatures after the passage of cyclone showed that the EICC and cyclonic eddy contribute to the faster advection of cold wake and recovery of sea surface temperature to the prestorm state.

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Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Role of mesoscale eddies on the variability of biogenic flux in the northern and central Bay of Bengal

Surface and Sub‐surface Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Phailin: Role of Pre‐existing Oceanic Features

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Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Role of mesoscale eddies on the variability of biogenic flux in the northern and central Bay of Bengal

Surface and Sub‐surface Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Phailin: Role of Pre‐existing Oceanic Features

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Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations

Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO₂ Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations